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[IMP] inventory: inbound & outbound flows
closes odoo/documentation#12689
X-original-commit: 3545fac11e
Signed-off-by: Samuel Lieber (sali) <sali@odoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Felicia Kuan (feku) <feku@odoo.com>
Co-authored-by: Justin Mallette <86990712+justinmallette@users.noreply.github.com>
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Inbound and outbound flows
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==========================
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There are several ways to handle how a warehouse receives products (receipts) and ships products
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(deliveries). Depending on several factors, such as the type of products stocked and sold, warehouse
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size, and the amount of daily confirmed receipts and delivery orders, the way products are handled
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when coming in and out of the warehouse can vary a lot. Different settings can be configured for
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receipts and deliveries; they do not have to be configured to have the same number of steps.
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Configuring inbound and outbound flows in Odoo is key to optimizing efficiency, traceability, and
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cost. Warehouse managers must balance speed and control, choosing between a streamlined process or
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added checkpoints.
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.. seealso::
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- `Using Routes (eLearning Tutorial) <https://www.odoo.com/slides/slide/using-routes-1018>`_
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- `Push & Pull Rules (eLearning Tutorial)
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<https://www.odoo.com/slides/slide/push-pull-rules-1024>`_
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Odoo offers one-step, two-step, and three-step flows, with more steps providing greater control but
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increasing operations. The best setup depends on quality checks, packaging, and warehouse size.
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Choosing the right inventory flow to handle receipts and deliveries
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===================================================================
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By default, Odoo handles shipping and receiving in three different ways: in one, two, or three
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steps. The simplest configuration is one step, which is the default. Each additional step required
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for a warehouse for either the receiving or shipping process will add an additional layer of
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operations to perform before a product is either received or shipped. These configurations depend
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entirely on the requirements for the products stored, such as performing quality checks on received
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products, or using special packaging on shipped products.
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This guide helps businesses determine the most suitable configuration.
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One-step flow
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-------------
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=============
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The receiving and shipping rules for a one-step configuration are as follows:
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The *one-step inventory flow* is the simplest option, with minimal handling steps and the least
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traceability. In this setup, products move directly from vendors to stock or from stock to
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customers, with Odoo only tracking when items enter or leave the warehouse. This makes it ideal for
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businesses with high-volume, low-risk products or fast-moving operations where additional validation
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steps aren’t necessary.
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- **Receipt**: Receive products directly into stock. No intermediate steps between receipt and stock
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occur, such as a transfer to a quality control location.
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- **Shipping**: Ship products directly from stock. No intermediate steps between stock and shipping
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occur, such as a transfer to a packing location.
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- Can only be used if not using :abbr:`FIFO (First In, First Out)`, :abbr:`LIFO (Last In, First
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Out)`, or :abbr:`FEFO (First Expired, First Out)` removal strategies.
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- Receipts and/or deliveries are handled quickly.
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- Recommended for small warehouses with low stock levels, and for non-perishable items.
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- Items are received or shipped directly into/from stock.
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- **Receiving**: Products go directly into stock.
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- **Shipping**: Products ship directly from stock.
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- **Best for**: Small warehouses, low stock levels, and non-perishable items, where minimal
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processing is needed before products are stored or shipped.
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.. seealso::
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:doc:`daily_operations/receipts_delivery_one_step`
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Two-step flow
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-------------
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=============
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The receiving and shipping rules for a two-step configuration are as follows:
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A *two-step flow* adds an input or output area for processing products before storage or shipment.
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Incoming goods can be unboxed and inspected before shelving, while outgoing shipments are sorted and
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consolidated before dispatch. This setup improves efficiency by assigning storage teams to picking
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and stocking, while dedicated teams handle unboxing, (possibly) packing, and final verification to
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reduce order fulfillment errors.
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- **Input + stock**: Bring products to an input location *before* moving into stock. Products can be
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organized by different internal storage locations, such as various shelves, freezers, and locked
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areas, before being stocked in the warehouse.
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- **Pick + ship**: Bring products to an output location before shipping. Packages can be organized
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by different carriers or shipping docks before being shipped.
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- Minimum requirement to use lot numbers or serial numbers to track products with a
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:abbr:`FIFO (First In, First Out)`, :abbr:`LIFO (Last In, First Out)` or
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:abbr:`FEFO (First Expired, First Out)` removal strategy.
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- Recommended for larger warehouses with high stock levels, or when stocking large items (such as
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mattresses, large furniture, heavy machinery, etc.).
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- Products received will not be available for manufacturing, shipping, etc., until they are
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transferred into stock.
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- **Receiving**: Products move to an *input* area before being transferred into stock.
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- Until transferred, received products are not automatically reserved for manufacturing, shipping,
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or other operations.
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- **Shipping**: Products move to an *output* before shipping to allow for :doc:`sorting or
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consolidation <picking_methods>`.
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- **Best for**: Large warehouses, high stock levels, bulky items, and workflows that separate
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receiving from storage to improve organization and efficiency.
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.. seealso::
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:doc:`daily_operations/receipts_delivery_two_steps`
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Three-step flow
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---------------
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===============
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The receiving and shipping rules for a three-step configuration are as follows:
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A three-step flow builds on the two-step process by adding a quality check and packing area,
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enforcing stricter processes and improving oversight.
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- **Input + quality + stock**: Receive products at the input location, transfer them to a quality
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control area, and move the ones that pass inspection into stock.
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- **Pick + pack + ship**: Pick products according to their removal strategy, pack them in a
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dedicated packing area, and bring them to an output location for shipping.
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- Can be used when tracking products by lot or serial numbers when using a :abbr:`FIFO (First In,
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First Out)`, :abbr:`LIFO (Last In, First Out)`, or :abbr:`FEFO (First Expired, First Out)` removal
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strategy.
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- Recommended for very large warehouses with very high stock levels.
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- Required for any warehouse needing to perform quality control inspections before receiving items
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into stock.
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- Products received will not be available for manufacturing, shipping, etc., until they are
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transferred into stock.
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.. important::
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While this setup enhances process control, separating picking and packing requires validation at
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each step. If the same person handles both, it may cause redundancy and slow operations.
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Quality checks and packing do not require a three-step flow. Enable :doc:`quality control points
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<../../quality/quality_management/quality_control_points>` separately or activate the
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:ref:`Packages feature <inventory/warehouses_storage/enable-package>` in Odoo to incorporate
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these processes without adding extra transfer steps.
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- **Receiving**: Products follow a structured process: *input area* → *quality control* → *stock*.
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- **Shipping**: Products are *picked*, *packed*, and then *shipped*, ensuring proper handling and
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organization.
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- **Best for**: Very large warehouses with strict quality control requirements, dedicated picking
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and packing workflows, and a need for clear traceability across multiple handling stages. Suitable
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when multiple teams manage different steps before products are stocked or shipped.
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.. seealso::
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- :doc:`daily_operations/receipts_three_steps`
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- :doc:`daily_operations/delivery_three_steps`
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Add-ons
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=======
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To optimize each flow, Odoo provides additional features that can enhance the process.
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Storage
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-------
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To organize and store products efficiently, use:
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.. cards::
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.. card:: Putaway rules
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:target: daily_operations/putaway
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Guide products to specific storage locations based on predefined rules
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.. card:: Storage categories
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:target: daily_operations/storage_category
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Set item or weight limits to prevent overstocking at the location and ensure proper
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organization
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.. card:: Consignment
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:target: daily_operations/owned_stock
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Keep track of products owned by third parties
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Delivery
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--------
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Tailor the outgoing shipment process to fit the business needs. Picking methods and removal
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strategies control how products are reserved for orders, while cross-docking and dropshipping
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determine how they move. Configuring these options in Odoo ensures visibility into product movement
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and confirms that items reach customers efficiently.
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.. cards::
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.. card:: Cross dock
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:target: daily_operations/cross_dock
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Receive products and immediately transfer them to another warehouse without storing them
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.. card:: Dropshipping
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:target: daily_operations/dropshipping
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Coordinate with vendors to deliver orders directly to customers, bypassing internal stock
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.. card:: Picking methods
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:target: picking_methods
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Optimize picking operations using piece, batch, cluster, or wave picking techniques
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.. card:: Removal strategies
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:target: removal_strategies
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Use FIFO, LIFO, or FEFO strategies to automate the selection of products for delivery
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Customization
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-------------
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Odoo's flexible framework enables businesses to tailor workflows to match specific operational
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needs.
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.. cards::
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.. card:: Custom routes
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:target: daily_operations/use_routes
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Define tailored receiving or delivery workflows to meet specific business needs
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.. toctree::
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:titlesonly:
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