Document development process and backports

Signed-off-by: Christoph Wurst <christoph@winzerhof-wurst.at>

developer_manual/getting_started/development_process.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+===================
+Development process
+===================
+
+This page gives an overview of how Nextcloud code is developed.
+
+Source Code Version Control
+---------------------------
+
+Nextcloud uses `git <https://git-scm.com/>`_ to manage revisions of the code. Software components have their own repositories.
+
+Branch Names
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Default branches of Nextcloud and its app repositories are named ``main`` or ``master``. Additionally, there are *stable branches* whenever a major version of Nextcloud is released. Those are named ``stableX``, where X refers to the version. For Nextcloud 25, for example, the stable branch is named ``stable25``.
+
+Target Branches for Contributions
+---------------------------------
+
+Any changes made to the source code go into the default branch of a repository through a `pull request <https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests>`_.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  # Switch to the default branch and update it
+  git checkout main
+  git pull origin/main
+
+  # Create the new feature branch
+  git checkout -b feature/foo-bar
+
+  # Add and commit the changes
+  git add file1 file2
+  git commit --signoff -m 'Add foo bar'
+
+  # Push the new commit to the remote repository and open a pull request
+  git push origin feature/foo-bar
+
+Bugfixes
+^^^^^^^^
+
+If a contribution fixes a bug that also affects older Nextcloud or app releases, it may qualify for a *backport*. Backporting a fix means applying the change on an older version of the code. Git calls this operation *cherry picking*.
+
+Automatic Backport
+******************
+
+In many cases the cherry pick results in a clean apply of the patch and git is able to resolve any small conflicts. In those cases it's easiest to let the `backport bot <https://github.com/nextcloud/backportbot>`_ do the backport.
+
+See the `bot usage <https://github.com/nextcloud/backportbot#usage>`_ for its commands.
+
+Manual Backport
+***************
+
+More complex changes may require the developer to do the backport manually. This can be done as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  # Switch to the target branch and update it
+  git checkout stable25
+  git pull origin/stable25
+
+  # Create the new backport branch
+  git checkout -b fix/foo-stable25
+
+  # Cherry pick the change from the commit sha1 of the change against the default branch
+  # This might cause conflicts. Resolve them.
+  git cherry-pick abc123
+
+  # Push the cherry pick commit to the remote repository and open a pull request
+  git push origin fix/foo-stable25

developer_manual/getting_started/index.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Getting started
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
+   development_process
    devenv
    codingguidelines
    debugging