diff --git a/mkdocs/config/config_options.py b/mkdocs/config/config_options.py
index 18a5ddab..689092ea 100644
--- a/mkdocs/config/config_options.py
+++ b/mkdocs/config/config_options.py
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ class Plugins(OptionallyRequired[plugins.PluginCollection]):
         else:
             for item in value:
                 if isinstance(item, dict):
-                    if len(item) > 1:
+                    if len(item) != 1:
                         raise ValidationError('Invalid Plugins configuration')
                     name, cfg = item.popitem()
                 else:
diff --git a/mkdocs/tests/config/config_options_tests.py b/mkdocs/tests/config/config_options_tests.py
index f3319425..34c09673 100644
--- a/mkdocs/tests/config/config_options_tests.py
+++ b/mkdocs/tests/config/config_options_tests.py
@@ -1812,6 +1812,14 @@ class PluginsTest(TestCase):
         with self.expect_error(plugins="Invalid Plugins configuration"):
             self.get_config(Schema, cfg)
 
+        cfg = {
+            'plugins': [
+                {},
+            ],
+        }
+        with self.expect_error(plugins="Invalid Plugins configuration"):
+            self.get_config(Schema, cfg)
+
     def test_plugin_config_not_string_or_dict(self, mock_class) -> None:
         class Schema(Config):
             plugins = c.Plugins()