diff --git a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.mdx b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.mdx
index 916252b9aa..73955d699c 100644
--- a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.mdx
+++ b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.mdx
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ tags:
 
   > Available in Casdoor `>=1.843.0`.
 
-  Configure Casdoor Webhook to sync user data updates to LobeChat.
+  Configure Casdoor [Webhook](https://www.casdoor.org/docs/webhooks/overview#setting-up-a-webhook) to sync user data updates to LobeChat.
 
   1. Go to **Admin Tools** -> **Webhooks** and create a Webhook
   2. Fill in the following fields:
diff --git a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.zh-CN.mdx b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.zh-CN.mdx
index 0a9908c976..5946cce9f9 100644
--- a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.zh-CN.mdx
+++ b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/casdoor.zh-CN.mdx
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ tags:
 
   > 在 Casdoor `>=1.843.0` 上可用。
 
-  配置 Casdoor 的 Webhook 以便在用户信息更新时同步到 LobeChat。
+  配置 Casdoor 的 [Webhook](https://www.casdoor.org/docs/webhooks/overview#setting-up-a-webhook) 以便在用户信息更新时同步到 LobeChat。
 
   1. 前往 `管理工具` -> `Webhooks`，创建一个 Webhook
   2. 填写以下字段：
diff --git a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.mdx b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.mdx
index ae68f992e0..a125e9df59 100644
--- a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.mdx
+++ b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.mdx
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ tags:
 
   ### Configure Webhook (Optional)
 
-  Configure Logto Webhook to sync user data updates to LobeChat.
+  Configure Logto [Webhook](https://docs.logto.io/developers/webhooks/configure-webhooks) to sync user data updates to LobeChat.
 
   1. Go to **Webhooks** in Logto Console and create a Webhook
   2. Fill in the following fields:
diff --git a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.zh-CN.mdx b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.zh-CN.mdx
index 05a4030070..1f351c6af6 100644
--- a/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.zh-CN.mdx
+++ b/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/providers/logto.zh-CN.mdx
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ tags:
 
   ### 配置 Webhook（可选）
 
-  配置 Logto 的 Webhook，以便在用户信息更新时 LobeChat 可以接收到通知并同步数据。
+  配置 Logto 的 [Webhook](https://docs.logto.io/developers/webhooks/configure-webhooks)，以便在用户信息更新时 LobeChat 可以接收到通知并同步数据。
 
   1. 前往 Logto 控制台的 `Webhooks`，创建一个 Webhook
   2. 填写以下字段：
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 61c59e5b08..c9b08d4b62 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -299,7 +299,6 @@
     "pdfjs-dist": "5.4.530",
     "pdfkit": "^0.17.2",
     "pg": "^8.17.2",
-    "pino": "^10.3.0",
     "plaiceholder": "^3.0.0",
     "polished": "^4.3.1",
     "posthog-js": "~1.278.0",
diff --git a/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.js b/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.js
index fdd91082dc..bcb0d73b9e 100644
--- a/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.js
+++ b/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const MIGRATION_DOC_BASE = 'https://lobehub.com/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth'
  *   message: string;
  *   docUrl?: string;
  *   formatVar?: (envVar: string) => string;
+ *   severity?: 'error' | 'warning';
  * }>}
  */
 const DEPRECATED_CHECKS = [
@@ -144,8 +145,9 @@ const DEPRECATED_CHECKS = [
       return [];
     },
     message:
-      'Casdoor webhook is required for syncing user data (email, avatar, etc.) to LobeChat. Without it, users without email configured in Casdoor cannot login. Please configure CASDOOR_WEBHOOK_SECRET following the documentation.',
+      'Casdoor webhook is recommended for syncing user data (email, avatar, etc.) to LobeChat. This is especially important for users migrating from NextAuth to Better Auth - users without email configured in Casdoor will not be able to login. Consider configuring CASDOOR_WEBHOOK_SECRET following the documentation.',
     name: 'Casdoor Webhook',
+    severity: 'warning',
   },
   {
     docUrl: `${MIGRATION_DOC_BASE}/providers/logto`,
@@ -157,8 +159,9 @@ const DEPRECATED_CHECKS = [
       return [];
     },
     message:
-      'Logto webhook is required for syncing user data (email, avatar, etc.) to LobeChat. Without it, users without email configured in Logto cannot login. Please configure LOGTO_WEBHOOK_SIGNING_KEY following the documentation.',
+      'Logto webhook is recommended for syncing user data (email, avatar, etc.) to LobeChat. This is especially important for users migrating from NextAuth to Better Auth - users without email configured in Logto will not be able to login. Consider configuring LOGTO_WEBHOOK_SIGNING_KEY following the documentation.',
     name: 'Logto Webhook',
+    severity: 'warning',
   },
   {
     docUrl: `${MIGRATION_DOC_BASE}/nextauth-to-betterauth`,
@@ -185,18 +188,22 @@ const DEPRECATED_CHECKS = [
 ];
 
 /**
- * Print a single deprecation error block
+ * Print a single deprecation block (error or warning)
  */
-function printErrorBlock(name, vars, message, docUrl, formatVar) {
-  console.error(`\n❌ ${name}`);
-  console.error('─'.repeat(50));
-  console.error('Detected deprecated environment variables:');
+function printIssueBlock(name, vars, message, docUrl, formatVar, severity = 'error') {
+  const isWarning = severity === 'warning';
+  const icon = isWarning ? '⚠️' : '❌';
+  const log = isWarning ? console.warn : console.error;
+
+  log(`\n${icon} ${name}`);
+  log('─'.repeat(50));
+  log(isWarning ? 'Missing recommended environment variables:' : 'Detected deprecated environment variables:');
   for (const envVar of vars) {
-    console.error(`  • ${formatVar ? formatVar(envVar) : envVar}`);
+    log(`  • ${formatVar ? formatVar(envVar) : envVar}`);
   }
-  console.error(`\n${message}`);
+  log(`\n${message}`);
   if (docUrl) {
-    console.error(`📖 Migration guide: ${docUrl}`);
+    log(`📖 Documentation: ${docUrl}`);
   }
 }
 
@@ -208,23 +215,46 @@ function printErrorBlock(name, vars, message, docUrl, formatVar) {
 function checkDeprecatedAuth(options = {}) {
   const { action = 'redeploy' } = options;
 
-  const foundIssues = [];
+  const errors = [];
+  const warnings = [];
+
   for (const check of DEPRECATED_CHECKS) {
     const foundVars = check.getVars();
     if (foundVars.length > 0) {
-      foundIssues.push({ ...check, foundVars });
+      const issue = { ...check, foundVars };
+      if (check.severity === 'warning') {
+        warnings.push(issue);
+      } else {
+        errors.push(issue);
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  if (foundIssues.length > 0) {
+  // Print warnings (non-blocking)
+  if (warnings.length > 0) {
+    console.warn('\n' + '═'.repeat(70));
+    console.warn(`⚠️  WARNING: Found ${warnings.length} recommended configuration(s) missing`);
+    console.warn('═'.repeat(70));
+
+    for (const issue of warnings) {
+      printIssueBlock(issue.name, issue.foundVars, issue.message, issue.docUrl, issue.formatVar, 'warning');
+    }
+
+    console.warn('\n' + '═'.repeat(70));
+    console.warn('These are recommendations. Your application will still run.');
+    console.warn('═'.repeat(70) + '\n');
+  }
+
+  // Print errors and exit (blocking)
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
     console.error('\n' + '═'.repeat(70));
     console.error(
-      `❌ ERROR: Found ${foundIssues.length} deprecated environment variable issue(s)!`,
+      `❌ ERROR: Found ${errors.length} deprecated environment variable issue(s)!`,
     );
     console.error('═'.repeat(70));
 
-    for (const issue of foundIssues) {
-      printErrorBlock(issue.name, issue.foundVars, issue.message, issue.docUrl, issue.formatVar);
+    for (const issue of errors) {
+      printIssueBlock(issue.name, issue.foundVars, issue.message, issue.docUrl, issue.formatVar, 'error');
     }
 
     console.error('\n' + '═'.repeat(70));
diff --git a/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.test.ts b/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55f89091cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/_shared/checkDeprecatedAuth.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// Store original env
+const originalEnv = { ...process.env };
+
+// Mock process.exit to prevent actual exit
+const mockExit = vi.spyOn(process, 'exit').mockImplementation(() => undefined as never);
+
+// Mock console methods
+const mockConsoleError = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+const mockConsoleWarn = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+describe('checkDeprecatedAuth', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    // Reset env before each test
+    process.env = { ...originalEnv };
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    // Clear module cache to ensure fresh import
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    // Restore original env
+    process.env = originalEnv;
+  });
+
+  it('should not exit when no deprecated env vars are set', async () => {
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should exit with code 1 when NextAuth env vars are detected', async () => {
+    process.env.NEXT_AUTH_SECRET = 'test-secret';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+    expect(mockConsoleError).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should exit with code 1 when NEXTAUTH env vars are detected', async () => {
+    process.env.NEXTAUTH_SECRET = 'test-secret';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should exit with code 1 when Clerk env vars are detected', async () => {
+    process.env.CLERK_SECRET_KEY = 'test-key';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should exit with code 1 when ACCESS_CODE is set', async () => {
+    process.env.ACCESS_CODE = 'test-code';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should exit with code 1 when APP_URL has trailing slash', async () => {
+    process.env.APP_URL = 'https://example.com/';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should not exit when APP_URL has no trailing slash', async () => {
+    process.env.APP_URL = 'https://example.com';
+
+    const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+    checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+    expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  describe('webhook warnings (non-blocking)', () => {
+    it('should warn but not exit when Casdoor webhook is missing', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'casdoor';
+      // CASDOOR_WEBHOOK_SECRET is not set
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should warn but not exit when Logto webhook is missing', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'logto';
+      // LOGTO_WEBHOOK_SIGNING_KEY is not set
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not warn when Casdoor webhook is configured', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'casdoor';
+      process.env.CASDOOR_WEBHOOK_SECRET = 'test-secret';
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not warn when Logto webhook is configured', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'logto';
+      process.env.LOGTO_WEBHOOK_SIGNING_KEY = 'test-key';
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not warn when provider is not casdoor or logto', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'google';
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('mixed errors and warnings', () => {
+    it('should exit when there are errors even if there are also warnings', async () => {
+      process.env.AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS = 'logto'; // warning
+      process.env.ACCESS_CODE = 'test-code'; // error
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      expect(mockExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+      expect(mockConsoleWarn).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConsoleError).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('action parameter', () => {
+    it('should use "redeploy" as default action', async () => {
+      process.env.ACCESS_CODE = 'test-code';
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth();
+
+      const calls = mockConsoleError.mock.calls.flat().join(' ');
+      expect(calls).toContain('redeploy');
+    });
+
+    it('should use custom action when provided', async () => {
+      process.env.ACCESS_CODE = 'test-code';
+
+      const { checkDeprecatedAuth } = await import('./checkDeprecatedAuth.js');
+      checkDeprecatedAuth({ action: 'restart' });
+
+      const calls = mockConsoleError.mock.calls.flat().join(' ');
+      expect(calls).toContain('restart');
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/casdoor/route.ts b/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/casdoor/route.ts
index d83c0d38db..9d43e7d9b5 100644
--- a/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/casdoor/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/casdoor/route.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 
 import { serverDB } from '@/database/server';
 import { authEnv } from '@/envs/auth';
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { WebhookUserService } from '@/server/services/webhookUser';
 
 import { validateRequest } from './validateRequest';
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ export const POST = async (req: Request): Promise<NextResponse> => {
     }
 
     default: {
-      pino.warn(
+      console.warn(
         `${req.url} received event type "${action}", but no handler is defined for this type`,
       );
       return NextResponse.json({ error: `unrecognised payload type: ${action}` }, { status: 400 });
diff --git a/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/logto/route.ts b/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/logto/route.ts
index 2d279203a1..cf038ece48 100644
--- a/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/logto/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/(backend)/api/webhooks/logto/route.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 
 import { serverDB } from '@/database/server';
 import { authEnv } from '@/envs/auth';
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { WebhookUserService } from '@/server/services/webhookUser';
 
 import { validateRequest } from './validateRequest';
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ export const POST = async (req: Request): Promise<NextResponse> => {
 
   const { event, data } = payload;
 
-  pino.trace(`logto webhook payload: ${{ data, event }}`);
+  console.log(`logto webhook payload: ${{ data, event }}`);
 
   const webhookUserService = new WebhookUserService(serverDB);
   switch (event) {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ export const POST = async (req: Request): Promise<NextResponse> => {
     }
 
     default: {
-      pino.warn(
+      console.warn(
         `${req.url} received event type "${event}", but no handler is defined for this type`,
       );
       return NextResponse.json({ error: `unrecognised payload type: ${event}` }, { status: 400 });
diff --git a/src/app/(backend)/trpc/async/[trpc]/route.ts b/src/app/(backend)/trpc/async/[trpc]/route.ts
index b6fc66c02c..6047831503 100644
--- a/src/app/(backend)/trpc/async/[trpc]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/(backend)/trpc/async/[trpc]/route.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { fetchRequestHandler } from '@trpc/server/adapters/fetch';
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server';
 
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { createAsyncRouteContext } from '@/libs/trpc/async/context';
 import { prepareRequestForTRPC } from '@/libs/trpc/utils/request-adapter';
 import { createResponseMeta } from '@/libs/trpc/utils/responseMeta';
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ const handler = (req: NextRequest) => {
     endpoint: '/trpc/async',
 
     onError: ({ error, path, type }) => {
-      pino.info(`Error in tRPC handler (async) on path: ${path}, type: ${type}`);
+      console.log(`Error in tRPC handler (async) on path: ${path}, type: ${type}`);
       console.error(error);
     },
 
diff --git a/src/app/(backend)/trpc/mobile/[trpc]/route.ts b/src/app/(backend)/trpc/mobile/[trpc]/route.ts
index b82eb43c1e..c4a152da8e 100644
--- a/src/app/(backend)/trpc/mobile/[trpc]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/(backend)/trpc/mobile/[trpc]/route.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { fetchRequestHandler } from '@trpc/server/adapters/fetch';
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server';
 
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { createLambdaContext } from '@/libs/trpc/lambda/context';
 import { prepareRequestForTRPC } from '@/libs/trpc/utils/request-adapter';
 import { createResponseMeta } from '@/libs/trpc/utils/responseMeta';
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ const handler = (req: NextRequest) => {
     endpoint: '/trpc/mobile',
 
     onError: ({ error, path, type }) => {
-      pino.info(`Error in tRPC handler (mobile) on path: ${path}, type: ${type}`);
+      console.log(`Error in tRPC handler (mobile) on path: ${path}, type: ${type}`);
       console.error(error);
     },
 
diff --git a/src/libs/logger/index.ts b/src/libs/logger/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bf5148d6c..0000000000
--- a/src/libs/logger/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import Pino from 'pino';
-
-export const pino = Pino({
-  level: process.env.LOG_LEVEL ? process.env.LOG_LEVEL : 'info',
-});
diff --git a/src/libs/next/config/define-config.ts b/src/libs/next/config/define-config.ts
index 29c88a941c..a0a7cdd95e 100644
--- a/src/libs/next/config/define-config.ts
+++ b/src/libs/next/config/define-config.ts
@@ -367,9 +367,6 @@ export function defineConfig(config: CustomNextConfig) {
         type: 'javascript/auto',
       });
 
-      // https://github.com/pinojs/pino/issues/688#issuecomment-637763276
-      baseWebpackConfig.externals.push('pino-pretty');
-
       baseWebpackConfig.resolve.alias.canvas = false;
 
       // to ignore epub2 compile error
diff --git a/src/server/routers/lambda/agent.ts b/src/server/routers/lambda/agent.ts
index 23f0b3ac23..3fd07a1129 100644
--- a/src/server/routers/lambda/agent.ts
+++ b/src/server/routers/lambda/agent.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import { KnowledgeBaseModel } from '@/database/models/knowledgeBase';
 import { SessionModel } from '@/database/models/session';
 import { UserModel } from '@/database/models/user';
 import { insertAgentSchema } from '@/database/schemas';
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { authedProcedure, router } from '@/libs/trpc/lambda';
 import { serverDatabase } from '@/libs/trpc/lambda/middleware';
 import { AgentService } from '@/server/services/agent';
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ export const agentRouter = router({
           if (!user) return DEFAULT_AGENT_CONFIG;
 
           const res = await ctx.agentService.createInbox();
-          pino.info({ res }, 'create inbox session');
+          console.log('create inbox session', res);
         }
       }
 
diff --git a/src/server/services/user/index.ts b/src/server/services/user/index.ts
index 0a35094d89..bbbfa1738b 100644
--- a/src/server/services/user/index.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/user/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { type LobeChatDatabase } from '@lobechat/database';
 import { initNewUserForBusiness } from '@/business/server/user';
 import { UserModel } from '@/database/models/user';
 import { initializeServerAnalytics } from '@/libs/analytics';
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
 import { KeyVaultsGateKeeper } from '@/server/modules/KeyVaultsEncrypt';
 import { FileS3 } from '@/server/modules/S3';
 
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ export class UserService {
       }
       return Buffer.from(file);
     } catch (error) {
-      pino.error({ error }, 'Failed to get user avatar');
+      console.error('Failed to get user avatar', error);
     }
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.test.ts b/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53f3e1befa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { UserModel } from '@/database/models/user';
+
+import { WebhookUserService } from './index';
+
+vi.mock('@/database/models/user', () => ({
+  UserModel: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe('WebhookUserService', () => {
+  let service: WebhookUserService;
+  let mockDb: any;
+  let mockUserModel: any;
+
+  const mockUser = {
+    avatar: 'https://example.com/avatar.png',
+    email: 'test@example.com',
+    fullName: 'Test User',
+    id: 'user-123',
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    mockUserModel = {
+      updateUser: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    (UserModel as any).mockImplementation(() => mockUserModel);
+
+    const deleteChainMock = {
+      where: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    };
+
+    mockDb = {
+      delete: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(deleteChainMock),
+      query: {
+        account: {
+          findFirst: vi.fn(),
+        },
+        users: {
+          findFirst: vi.fn(),
+        },
+      },
+      select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      then: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    service = new WebhookUserService(mockDb);
+  });
+
+  describe('safeUpdateUser', () => {
+    it('should update user when found in Better Auth accounts table', async () => {
+      const betterAuthAccount = { userId: 'user-123', providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc-123' };
+
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(betterAuthAccount);
+      mockDb.query.users.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+      const updateData = {
+        avatar: 'https://new-avatar.com/img.png',
+        email: 'new@example.com',
+        fullName: 'New Name',
+      };
+
+      const result = await service.safeUpdateUser(
+        { providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc-123' },
+        updateData,
+      );
+
+      expect(UserModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockDb, 'user-123');
+      expect(mockUserModel.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        avatar: updateData.avatar,
+        email: updateData.email,
+        fullName: updateData.fullName,
+      });
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should update user when found in NextAuth accounts table (fallback)', async () => {
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // Setup chain mock for NextAuth query
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([{ users: mockUser }])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      const updateData = { email: 'updated@example.com' };
+
+      const result = await service.safeUpdateUser(
+        { providerId: 'casdoor', accountId: 'casdoor-acc-456' },
+        updateData,
+      );
+
+      expect(UserModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockDb, 'user-123');
+      expect(mockUserModel.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        avatar: undefined,
+        email: 'updated@example.com',
+        fullName: undefined,
+      });
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should warn and not update when user not found', async () => {
+      const consoleWarnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // NextAuth account also not found
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      const result = await service.safeUpdateUser(
+        { providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'unknown-acc' },
+        { email: 'test@example.com' },
+      );
+
+      expect(UserModel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+
+      consoleWarnSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('should only update provided fields', async () => {
+      const betterAuthAccount = { userId: 'user-123', providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc-123' };
+
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(betterAuthAccount);
+      mockDb.query.users.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+      // Only updating email
+      const result = await service.safeUpdateUser(
+        { providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc-123' },
+        { email: 'only-email@example.com' },
+      );
+
+      expect(mockUserModel.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        avatar: undefined,
+        email: 'only-email@example.com',
+        fullName: undefined,
+      });
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('safeSignOutUser', () => {
+    it('should delete all sessions when user found in Better Auth accounts table', async () => {
+      const betterAuthAccount = { userId: 'user-123', providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc-123' };
+
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(betterAuthAccount);
+      mockDb.query.users.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+      const result = await service.safeSignOutUser({
+        providerId: 'logto',
+        accountId: 'acc-123',
+      });
+
+      expect(mockDb.delete).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should delete all sessions when user found in NextAuth accounts table (fallback)', async () => {
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // NextAuth account found
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([{ users: mockUser }])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      const result = await service.safeSignOutUser({
+        providerId: 'casdoor',
+        accountId: 'casdoor-acc-456',
+      });
+
+      expect(mockDb.delete).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should warn and not delete sessions when user not found', async () => {
+      const consoleWarnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // NextAuth account also not found
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      const result = await service.safeSignOutUser({
+        providerId: 'logto',
+        accountId: 'unknown-acc',
+      });
+
+      expect(mockDb.delete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+
+      consoleWarnSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getUserByAccount (via public methods)', () => {
+    it('should prioritize Better Auth account over NextAuth account', async () => {
+      const betterAuthAccount = { userId: 'better-auth-user', providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc' };
+      const betterAuthUser = { ...mockUser, id: 'better-auth-user' };
+
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(betterAuthAccount);
+      mockDb.query.users.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(betterAuthUser);
+
+      await service.safeUpdateUser({ providerId: 'logto', accountId: 'acc' }, {});
+
+      // Should use Better Auth user, not query NextAuth table
+      expect(UserModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockDb, 'better-auth-user');
+      expect(mockDb.select).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback to NextAuth account when Better Auth account not found', async () => {
+      const nextAuthUser = { ...mockUser, id: 'nextauth-user' };
+
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // NextAuth account found
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([{ users: nextAuthUser }])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      await service.safeUpdateUser({ providerId: 'casdoor', accountId: 'acc' }, {});
+
+      // Should use NextAuth user
+      expect(UserModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockDb, 'nextauth-user');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null when user not found in both tables', async () => {
+      const consoleWarnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+      // Better Auth account not found
+      mockDb.query.account.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // NextAuth account also not found
+      const chainMock = {
+        from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        innerJoin: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        select: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((cb) => cb([])),
+        where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      };
+      mockDb.select.mockReturnValue(chainMock);
+
+      await service.safeUpdateUser({ providerId: 'unknown', accountId: 'unknown' }, {});
+
+      // Should not create UserModel since user not found
+      expect(UserModel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      consoleWarnSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.ts b/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.ts
index 42202a1b22..7d1ea3ee8d 100644
--- a/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/webhookUser/index.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 
 import { UserModel } from '@/database/models/user';
-import { type UserItem, account, session } from '@/database/schemas';
-import { pino } from '@/libs/logger';
+import { type UserItem, account, nextauthAccounts, session, users } from '@/database/schemas';
 
 export class WebhookUserService {
   private db: LobeChatDatabase;
@@ -14,7 +13,9 @@ export class WebhookUserService {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Find user by provider account info
+   * Find user by provider account info.
+   * First checks Better Auth accounts table, then falls back to NextAuth accounts table
+   * for users who performed simple migration (without migrating accounts data).
    */
   private getUserByAccount = async ({
     providerId,
@@ -23,15 +24,31 @@ export class WebhookUserService {
     accountId: string;
     providerId: string;
   }) => {
-    const result = await this.db.query.account.findFirst({
+    // First, try Better Auth accounts table
+    const betterAuthAccount = await this.db.query.account.findFirst({
       where: and(eq(account.providerId, providerId), eq(account.accountId, accountId)),
     });
 
-    if (!result) return null;
+    if (betterAuthAccount) {
+      return this.db.query.users.findFirst({
+        where: eq(users.id, betterAuthAccount.userId),
+      });
+    }
 
-    return this.db.query.users.findFirst({
-      where: eq(account.userId, result.userId),
-    });
+    // Fallback to NextAuth accounts table for simple migration users
+    const nextAuthAccount = await this.db
+      .select({ users })
+      .from(nextauthAccounts)
+      .innerJoin(users, eq(nextauthAccounts.userId, users.id))
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(nextauthAccounts.provider, providerId),
+          eq(nextauthAccounts.providerAccountId, accountId),
+        ),
+      )
+      .then((res) => res[0]);
+
+    return nextAuthAccount?.users ?? null;
   };
 
   /**
@@ -41,7 +58,7 @@ export class WebhookUserService {
     { accountId, providerId }: { accountId: string; providerId: string },
     data: Partial<UserItem>,
   ) => {
-    pino.info(`updating user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}" due to webhook`);
+    console.log(`updating user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}" due to webhook`);
 
     const user = await this.getUserByAccount({ accountId, providerId });
 
@@ -53,7 +70,7 @@ export class WebhookUserService {
         fullName: data?.fullName,
       });
     } else {
-      pino.warn(
+      console.warn(
         `[${providerId}]: Webhook user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}" update for "${JSON.stringify(data)}", but no user was found.`,
       );
     }
@@ -71,14 +88,14 @@ export class WebhookUserService {
     accountId: string;
     providerId: string;
   }) => {
-    pino.info(`Signing out user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}"`);
+    console.log(`Signing out user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}"`);
 
     const user = await this.getUserByAccount({ accountId, providerId });
 
     if (user?.id) {
       await this.db.delete(session).where(eq(session.userId, user.id));
     } else {
-      pino.warn(
+      console.warn(
         `[${providerId}]: Webhook user "${JSON.stringify({ accountId, providerId })}" signout, but no user was found.`,
       );
     }