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docker-docs/userguide/dockerizing/index.html
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<li class=""><a href="#hello-world">Hello world</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#an-interactive-container">An Interactive Container</a></li>
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<h1 id="dockerizing-applications-a-hello-world">Dockerizing Applications: A "Hello world"</h1>
<p><em>So what's this Docker thing all about?</em></p>
<p>Docker allows you to run applications inside containers. Running an
application inside a container takes a single command: <code>docker run</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> if you are using a remote Docker daemon, such as Boot2Docker,
then <em>do not</em> type the <code>sudo</code> before the <code>docker</code> commands shown in the
documentation's examples.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="hello-world">Hello world</h2>
<p>Let's try it now.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker run ubuntu:14.04 /bin/echo 'Hello world'
Hello world
</code></pre>
<p>And you just launched your first container!</p>
<p>So what just happened? Let's step through what the <code>docker run</code> command
did.</p>
<p>First we specified the <code>docker</code> binary and the command we wanted to
execute, <code>run</code>. The <code>docker run</code> combination <em>runs</em> containers.</p>
<p>Next we specified an image: <code>ubuntu:14.04</code>. This is the source of the container
we ran. Docker calls this an image. In this case we used an Ubuntu 14.04
operating system image.</p>
<p>When you specify an image, Docker looks first for the image on your
Docker host. If it can't find it then it downloads the image from the public
image registry: <a href="https://hub.docker.com">Docker Hub</a>.</p>
<p>Next we told Docker what command to run inside our new container:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>/bin/echo 'Hello world'
</code></pre>
<p>When our container was launched Docker created a new Ubuntu 14.04
environment and then executed the <code>/bin/echo</code> command inside it. We saw
the result on the command line:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>Hello world
</code></pre>
<p>So what happened to our container after that? Well Docker containers
only run as long as the command you specify is active. Here, as soon as
<code>Hello world</code> was echoed, the container stopped.</p>
<h2 id="an-interactive-container">An Interactive Container</h2>
<p>Let's try the <code>docker run</code> command again, this time specifying a new
command to run in our container.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@af8bae53bdd3:/#
</code></pre>
<p>Here we've again specified the <code>docker run</code> command and launched an
<code>ubuntu:14.04</code> image. But we've also passed in two flags: <code>-t</code> and <code>-i</code>.
The <code>-t</code> flag assigns a pseudo-tty or terminal inside our new container
and the <code>-i</code> flag allows us to make an interactive connection by
grabbing the standard in (<code>STDIN</code>) of the container.</p>
<p>We've also specified a new command for our container to run:
<code>/bin/bash</code>. This will launch a Bash shell inside our container.</p>
<p>So now when our container is launched we can see that we've got a
command prompt inside it:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>root@af8bae53bdd3:/#
</code></pre>
<p>Let's try running some commands inside our container:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>root@af8bae53bdd3:/# pwd
/
root@af8bae53bdd3:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
</code></pre>
<p>You can see we've run the <code>pwd</code> to show our current directory and can
see we're in the <code>/</code> root directory. We've also done a directory listing
of the root directory which shows us what looks like a typical Linux
file system.</p>
<p>You can play around inside this container and when you're done you can
use the <code>exit</code> command or enter Ctrl-D to finish.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>root@af8bae53bdd3:/# exit
</code></pre>
<p>As with our previous container, once the Bash shell process has
finished, the container is stopped.</p>
<h2 id="a-daemonized-hello-world">A Daemonized Hello world</h2>
<p>Now a container that runs a command and then exits has some uses but
it's not overly helpful. Let's create a container that runs as a daemon,
like most of the applications we're probably going to run with Docker.</p>
<p>Again we can do this with the <code>docker run</code> command:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu:14.04 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
1e5535038e285177d5214659a068137486f96ee5c2e85a4ac52dc83f2ebe4147
</code></pre>
<p>Wait what? Where's our "Hello world" Let's look at what we've run here.
It should look pretty familiar. We ran <code>docker run</code> but this time we
specified a flag: <code>-d</code>. The <code>-d</code> flag tells Docker to run the container
and put it in the background, to daemonize it.</p>
<p>We also specified the same image: <code>ubuntu:14.04</code>.</p>
<p>Finally, we specified a command to run:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>/bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
</code></pre>
<p>This is the (hello) world's silliest daemon: a shell script that echoes
<code>hello world</code> forever.</p>
<p>So why aren't we seeing any <code>hello world</code>'s? Instead Docker has returned
a really long string:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>1e5535038e285177d5214659a068137486f96ee5c2e85a4ac52dc83f2ebe4147
</code></pre>
<p>This really long string is called a <em>container ID</em>. It uniquely
identifies a container so we can work with it.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
The container ID is a bit long and unwieldy and a bit later
on we'll see a shorter ID and some ways to name our containers to make
working with them easier.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>We can use this container ID to see what's happening with our <code>hello world</code> daemon.</p>
<p>Firstly let's make sure our container is running. We can
do that with the <code>docker ps</code> command. The <code>docker ps</code> command queries
the Docker daemon for information about all the containers it knows
about.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1e5535038e28 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/sh -c 'while tr 2 minutes ago Up 1 minute insane_babbage
</code></pre>
<p>Here we can see our daemonized container. The <code>docker ps</code> has returned some useful
information about it, starting with a shorter variant of its container ID:
<code>1e5535038e28</code>.</p>
<p>We can also see the image we used to build it, <code>ubuntu:14.04</code>, the command it
is running, its status and an automatically assigned name,
<code>insane_babbage</code>. </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
Docker automatically names any containers you start, a
little later on we'll see how you can specify your own names.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Okay, so we now know it's running. But is it doing what we asked it to do? To see this
we're going to look inside the container using the <code>docker logs</code>
command. Let's use the container name Docker assigned.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker logs insane_babbage
hello world
hello world
hello world
. . .
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>docker logs</code> command looks inside the container and returns its standard
output: in this case the output of our command <code>hello world</code>.</p>
<p>Awesome! Our daemon is working and we've just created our first
Dockerized application!</p>
<p>Now we've established we can create our own containers let's tidy up
after ourselves and stop our daemonized container. To do this we use the
<code>docker stop</code> command.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker stop insane_babbage
insane_babbage
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>docker stop</code> command tells Docker to politely stop the running
container. If it succeeds it will return the name of the container it
has just stopped.</p>
<p>Let's check it worked with the <code>docker ps</code> command.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
</code></pre>
<p>Excellent. Our container has been stopped.</p>
<h1 id="next-steps">Next steps</h1>
<p>Now we've seen how simple it is to get started with Docker let's learn how to
do some more advanced tasks.</p>
<p>Go to <a href="/userguide/usingdocker">Working With Containers</a>.</p>
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