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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="Dockerfiles use a simple DSL which allows you to automate the steps you would normally manually take to create an image.">
<meta name="keywords" content="[builder, docker, Dockerfile, automation, image creation]">
<title>Dockerfile reference </title>
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<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Engine</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/quickstart/" class=""> Quickstart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/understanding-docker/" class=""> Understand the architecture</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Install</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/mac/" class=""> Installation on Mac OS X</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/windows/" class=""> Installation on Windows</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> On Linux distributions</button>
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<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/ubuntulinux/" class=""> Installation on Ubuntu </a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/rhel/" class=""> Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/centos/" class=""> Installation on CentOS</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/fedora/" class=""> Installation on Fedora</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/debian/" class=""> Installation on Debian</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/archlinux/" class=""> Installation on Arch Linux</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/cruxlinux/" class=""> Installation on CRUX Linux</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/frugalware/" class=""> Installation on FrugalWare</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/gentoolinux/" class=""> Installation on Gentoo</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/oracle/" class=""> Installation on Oracle Linux</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/linux/SUSE/" class=""> Installation on openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> On cloud providers</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/cloud/overview/" class=""> Choose how to install</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/cloud/cloud-ex-aws/" class=""> Example: Manual install on cloud provider</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/cloud/cloud-ex-machine-ocean/" class=""> Example: Use Docker Machine to provision cloud hosts</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/installation/binaries/" class=""> Installation from binaries</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> User guide</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/intro/" class=""> Introduction</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Learn by example</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockerizing/" class=""> Hello world in a container</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/usingdocker/" class=""> Run a simple application</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockerimages/" class=""> Build your own images</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/networkingcontainers/" class=""> Network containers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockervolumes/" class=""> Manage data in containers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockerrepos/" class=""> Store images on Docker Hub</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Work with images</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/" class=""> Best practices for writing Dockerfiles</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/baseimages/" class=""> Create a base image</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/image_management/" class=""> Image management</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker storage drivers</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/imagesandcontainers/" class=""> Understand images, containers, and storage drivers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/selectadriver/" class=""> Select a storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/aufs-driver/" class=""> AUFS storage driver in practice</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/btrfs-driver/" class=""> Btrfs storage in practice</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/device-mapper-driver/" class=""> Device mapper storage in practice</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/overlayfs-driver/" class=""> OverlayFS storage in practice</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/storagedriver/zfs-driver/" class=""> ZFS storage in practice</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Network configuration</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/dockernetworks/" class=""> Docker container networking</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/work-with-networks/" class=""> Work with network commands</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/get-started-overlay/" class=""> Get started with multi-host networking</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/configure-dns/" class=""> Configure container DNS in user-defined networks</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/default_network/" class=""> Default bridge network</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/userguide/labels-custom-metadata/" class=""> Apply custom metadata</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Administrate</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/formatting/" class=""> Format command and log output</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/host_integration/" class=""> Automatically start containers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/systemd/" class=""> Control and configure Docker with systemd</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/dsc/" class=""> PowerShell DSC Usage</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/chef/" class=""> Using Chef</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/puppet/" class=""> Using Puppet</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/using_supervisord/" class=""> Using Supervisor with Docker</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/configuring/" class=""> Configuring and running Docker</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/runmetrics/" class=""> Runtime metrics</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/ambassador_pattern_linking/" class=""> Link via an ambassador container</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Logging</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/overview/" class=""> Configuring Logging Drivers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/log_tags/" class=""> Log tags for logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/awslogs/" class=""> Amazon CloudWatch Logs logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/etwlogs/" class=""> ETW logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/fluentd/" class=""> Fluentd logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/gcplogs/" class=""> Google Cloud Logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/journald/" class=""> Journald logging driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/logging/splunk/" class=""> Splunk logging driver</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/admin/registry_mirror/" class=""> Run a local registry mirror</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Secure Engine</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/security/" class=""> Docker security</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/non-events/" class=""> Docker Security Non-events</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/https/" class=""> Protect the Docker daemon socket</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/certificates/" class=""> Using certificates for repository client verification</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Use trusted images</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/content_trust/" class=""> Content trust in Docker</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/trust_automation/" class=""> Automation with content trust</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/trust_delegation/" class=""> Delegations for content trust</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/deploying_notary/" class=""> Deploying Notary</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/trust_key_mng/" class=""> Manage keys for content trust</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/trust/trust_sandbox/" class=""> Play in a content trust sandbox</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/apparmor/" class=""> AppArmor security profiles for Docker</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/security/seccomp/" class=""> Seccomp security profiles for Docker</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Extend Engine</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/extend/plugins_authorization/" class=""> Access authorization plugin</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/extend/plugins/" class=""> Extending Engine with plugins</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/extend/plugins_network/" class=""> Docker network driver plugins</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/extend/plugins_volume/" class=""> Volume plugins</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/extend/plugin_api/" class=""> Plugins API</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Dockerize an application</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/mongodb/" class=""> Dockerizing MongoDB</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/postgresql_service/" class=""> Dockerizing PostgreSQL</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/couchdb_data_volumes/" class=""> Dockerizing a CouchDB service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/couchbase/" class=""> Dockerizing a Couchbase service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/running_redis_service/" class=""> Dockerizing a Redis service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/running_riak_service/" class=""> Dockerizing a Riak service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/running_ssh_service/" class=""> Dockerizing an SSH service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/examples/apt-cacher-ng/" class=""> Dockerizing an apt-cacher-ng service</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Engine reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/builder/" class=" active"> Dockerfile reference</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/run/" class=""> Docker run reference</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Command line reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/cli/" class=""> Use the Docker command line</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/daemon/" class=""> daemon</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/attach/" class=""> attach</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/build/" class=""> build</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/commit/" class=""> commit</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/cp/" class=""> cp</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/create/" class=""> create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/diff/" class=""> diff</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/events/" class=""> events</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/exec/" class=""> exec</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/export/" class=""> export</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/history/" class=""> history</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/images/" class=""> images</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/import/" class=""> import</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/info/" class=""> info</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/inspect/" class=""> inspect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/kill/" class=""> kill</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/load/" class=""> load</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/login/" class=""> login</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/logout/" class=""> logout</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/logs/" class=""> logs</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_connect/" class=""> network connect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_create/" class=""> network create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_disconnect/" class=""> network disconnect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_inspect/" class=""> network inspect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_ls/" class=""> network ls</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/network_rm/" class=""> network rm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/pause/" class=""> pause</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/port/" class=""> port</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/ps/" class=""> ps</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/pull/" class=""> pull</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/push/" class=""> push</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/rename/" class=""> rename</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/restart/" class=""> restart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/rm/" class=""> rm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/rmi/" class=""> rmi</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/run/" class=""> run</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/save/" class=""> save</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/search/" class=""> search</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/start/" class=""> start</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/stats/" class=""> stats</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/stop/" class=""> stop</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/tag/" class=""> tag</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/top/" class=""> top</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/unpause/" class=""> unpause</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/update/" class=""> update</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/version/" class=""> version</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/volume_create/" class=""> volume create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/volume_inspect/" class=""> volume inspect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/volume_ls/" class=""> volume ls</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/volume_rm/" class=""> volume rm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/wait/" class=""> wait</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> API Reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api/" class=""> Remote API</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.23/" class=""> Remote API v1.23</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.22/" class=""> Remote API v1.22</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.21/" class=""> Remote API v1.21</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.20/" class=""> Remote API v1.20</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.19/" class=""> Remote API v1.19</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.18/" class=""> Remote API v1.18</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/remote_api_client_libraries/" class=""> Remote API client libraries</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/api/docker_io_accounts_api/" class=""> docker.io accounts API</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/migration/" class=""> Migrate to Engine 1.10</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/breaking_changes/" class=""> Breaking changes</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/deprecated/" class=""> Deprecated Engine Features</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/faq/" class=""> FAQ</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Swarm</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/overview/" class=""> Swarm Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/get-swarm/" class=""> How to get Swarm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/install-w-machine/" class=""> Evaluate Swarm in a sandbox</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/plan-for-production/" class=""> Plan for Swarm in production</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/install-manual/" class=""> Build a Swarm cluster for production</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Try Swarm at scale</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/swarm_at_scale/about/" class=""> Learn the application architecture</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/swarm_at_scale/deploy-infra/" class=""> Deploy application infrastructure</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/swarm_at_scale/deploy-app/" class=""> Deploy the application</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/swarm_at_scale/troubleshoot/" class=""> Troubleshoot the application</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/multi-manager-setup/" class=""> High availability in Swarm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/networking/" class=""> Swarm and container networks</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/discovery/" class=""> Discovery</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/provision-with-machine/" class=""> Provision with Machine</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Scheduling</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/scheduler/filter/" class=""> Filters</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/scheduler/rescheduling/" class=""> Rescheduling</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/scheduler/strategy/" class=""> Strategies</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/secure-swarm-tls/" class=""> Overview Docker Swarm with TLS</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/configure-tls/" class=""> Configure Docker Swarm for TLS</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Command line reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/create/" class=""> create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/help/" class=""> help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/join/" class=""> join</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/list/" class=""> list</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/manage/" class=""> manage</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/reference/swarm/" class=""> swarm</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/status-code-comparison-to-docker/" class=""> API response codes</a>
<a data-link href="../../../swarm/swarm-api/" class=""> Docker Swarm API</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Compose</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/overview/" class=""> Overview of Docker Compose</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/install/" class=""> Install Compose</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/gettingstarted/" class=""> Getting Started</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/swarm/" class=""> Using Compose with Swarm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/django/" class=""> Quickstart: Compose and Django</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/rails/" class=""> Quickstart: Compose and Rails</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/wordpress/" class=""> Quickstart: Compose and WordPress</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/env-file/" class=""> Environment file</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/extends/" class=""> Extending Services in Compose</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/networking/" class=""> Networking in Compose</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/production/" class=""> Using Compose in Production</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/compose-file/" class=""> Compose File Reference</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Command-line Reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/overview/" class=""> Overview of docker-compose CLI</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/envvars/" class=""> CLI Environment Variables</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/build/" class=""> build</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/config/" class=""> config</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/create/" class=""> create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/down/" class=""> down</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/events/" class=""> events</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/exec/" class=""> exec</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/help/" class=""> help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/kill/" class=""> kill</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/logs/" class=""> logs</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/pause/" class=""> pause</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/port/" class=""> port</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/ps/" class=""> ps</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/pull/" class=""> pull</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/restart/" class=""> restart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/rm/" class=""> rm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/run/" class=""> run</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/scale/" class=""> scale</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/start/" class=""> start</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/stop/" class=""> stop</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/unpause/" class=""> unpause</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/reference/up/" class=""> up</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/completion/" class=""> Command-line Completion</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/link-env-deprecated/" class=""> Link Environment Variables</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/startup-order/" class=""> Controlling startup order</a>
<a data-link href="../../../compose/faq/" class=""> Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Hub</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/overview/" class=""> Introducing Docker Hub</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/accounts/" class=""> Your Docker ID</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/orgs/" class=""> Teams &amp; Organizations</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/repos/" class=""> Repositories on Docker Hub</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/builds/" class=""> Automated Builds</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/webhooks/" class=""> Webhooks for automated builds</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/bitbucket/" class=""> Automated Builds with Bitbucket</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/github/" class=""> Automated Builds from GitHub</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-hub/official_repos/" class=""> Official Repositories on Docker Hub</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> CS Docker Engine</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/cs-engine/install/" class=""> Install CS Docker Engine</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/cs-engine/upgrade/" class=""> Upgrade</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Release notes</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/cs-engine/release-notes/release-notes/" class=""> CS Engine release notes</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/cs-engine/release-notes/prior-release-notes/" class=""> Prior CS Engine release notes</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Universal Control Plane</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/overview/" class=""> Universal Control Plane overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/install-sandbox/" class=""> Evaluate UCP in a sandbox</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/architecture/" class=""> Architecture</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Installation</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/system-requirements/" class=""> System requirements</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/plan-production-install/" class=""> Plan a production installation</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/install-production/" class=""> Install UCP for production</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/install-offline/" class=""> Install offline</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/license/" class=""> License UCP</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/upgrade/" class=""> Upgrade UCP</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/installation/uninstall/" class=""> Uninstall UCP</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> UCP tool reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/backup/" class=""> backup</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/dump-certs/" class=""> dump-certs</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/engine-discovery/" class=""> engine-discovery</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/fingerprint/" class=""> fingerprint</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/help/" class=""> help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/id/" class=""> id</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/images/" class=""> images</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/install/" class=""> install</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/join/" class=""> join</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/regen-certs/" class=""> regen-certs.md</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/restart/" class=""> restart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/restore/" class=""> restore</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/stop/" class=""> stop</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/uninstall/" class=""> uninstall</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/reference/upgrade/" class=""> upgrade</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Access UCP</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/access-ucp/web-based-access/" class=""> Web-based access</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/access-ucp/cli-based-access/" class=""> CLI-based access</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Configuration</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/configuration/multi-host-networking/" class=""> Set up container networking</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/configuration/dtr-integration/" class=""> Integrate with Docker Trusted Registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/configuration/configure-logs/" class=""> Configure UCP logging</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Monitor and troubleshoot</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/monitor/monitor-ucp/" class=""> Monitor your cluster</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/monitor/troubleshoot-ucp/" class=""> Troubleshoot your cluster</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/monitor/troubleshoot-configurations/" class=""> Troubleshoot cluster configurations</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> High-availability</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/high-availability/set-up-high-availability/" class=""> Set up high availability</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/high-availability/replicate-cas/" class=""> Replicate CAs for high availability</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/high-availability/backups-and-disaster-recovery/" class=""> Backups and disaster recovery</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> User management</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/user-management/manage-users/" class=""> Manage and authorize users</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Applications</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/applications/deploy-app-ui/" class=""> Deploy an app from the UI</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/applications/deploy-app-cli/" class=""> Deploy an app from the CLI</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/support/" class=""> Get support</a>
<a data-link href="../../../ucp/release_notes/" class=""> Release Notes</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Trusted Registry</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/overview/" class=""> Docker Trusted Registry overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/quick-start/" class=""> Quickstart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/architecture/" class=""> Architecture</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Installation</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/system-requirements/" class=""> System requirements</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/install-dtr/" class=""> Install Docker Trusted Registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/install-dtr-offline/" class=""> Install offline</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/license/" class=""> License DTR</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Upgrade</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/upgrade/upgrade-major/" class=""> Upgrade from 1.4.3</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/upgrade/upgrade-minor/" class=""> Upgrade from 2.0.0</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/install/uninstall/" class=""> Uninstall</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> DTR tool reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/backup/" class=""> backup</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/dumpcerts/" class=""> dumpcerts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/install/" class=""> install</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/join/" class=""> join</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/migrate/" class=""> migrate</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/reconfigure/" class=""> reconfigure</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/remove/" class=""> remove</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/reference/restore/" class=""> restore</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Configuration</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/configure/configuration/" class=""> Configuration overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/configure/config-general/" class=""> Configure general settings</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/configure/config-security/" class=""> Security configuration</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/configure/config-storage/" class=""> Storage configuration</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/configure/config-auth/" class=""> Auth configuration</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Monitor and troubleshoot</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/monitor-troubleshoot/monitor/" class=""> Monitor DTR</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/monitor-troubleshoot/troubleshoot/" class=""> Troubleshoot DTR</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> High-availability</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/high-availability/high-availability/" class=""> Set up high availability</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/high-availability/backups-and-disaster-recovery/" class=""> Backups and disaster recovery</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> User management</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/user-management/permission-levels/" class=""> Permission levels</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Repositories and images</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/repos-and-images/create-repo/" class=""> Create a repository</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/repos-and-images/push-and-pull-images/" class=""> Push and pull images</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/repos-and-images/delete-images/" class=""> Delete images</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> DTR APIs</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/overview/" class=""> Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/v1.3.3/" class=""> v1.3.3 API</a>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/v1.4.0/" class=""> v1.4.0 API</a>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/v2.0.0/" class=""> v2.0.0 API</a>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/v2.0.1/" class=""> v2.0.1 API</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Release notes</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/release-notes/release-notes/" class=""> Trusted Registry release notes</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/release-notes/prior-release-notes/" class=""> Prior Trusted Registry release notes</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-trusted-registry/support/" class=""> Get support</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Cloud</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/overview/" class=""> Docker Cloud Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/dockerid/" class=""> Docker ID and Settings</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Getting Started</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/intro_cloud/" class=""> Introducing Docker Cloud</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/connect-infra/" class=""> Link to your Infrastructure</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/your_first_node/" class=""> Deploy your first node</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/your_first_service/" class=""> Deploy your first service</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Deploy an application</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/1_introduction/" class=""> Introduction to Deploying an app in Docker Cloud</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/2_set_up/" class=""> Set up your environment</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/3_prepare_the_app/" class=""> Prepare the application</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/4_push_to_cloud_registry/" class=""> Push the image to Docker Cloud&#39;s Registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/5_deploy_the_app_as_a_service/" class=""> Deploy the app as a Docker Cloud service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/6_define_environment_variables/" class=""> Define environment variables</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/7_scale_the_service/" class=""> Scale the service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/8_view_logs/" class=""> View service logs</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/9_load-balance_the_service/" class=""> Load-balance the service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/10_provision_a_data_backend_for_your_service/" class=""> Provision a data backend for the service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/11_service_stacks/" class=""> Stackfiles for your service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/getting-started/deploy-app/12_data_management_with_volumes/" class=""> Data management with Volumes</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Manage Applications</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/deploy-to-cloud-btn/" class=""> Add a Deploy to Docker Cloud button</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/auto-destroy/" class=""> Automatic container destroy</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/autorestart/" class=""> Automatic container restart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/auto-redeploy/" class=""> Automatic service redeploy</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/load-balance-hello-world/" class=""> Create a proxy or load balancer</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/deploy-tags/" class=""> Deployment tags</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/stacks/" class=""> Manage service stacks</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/ports/" class=""> Publish and expose service or container ports</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/service-redeploy/" class=""> Redeploy running services</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/service-scaling/" class=""> Scale your service</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/api-roles/" class=""> Service API Roles</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/service-links/" class=""> Service discovery and links</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/stack-yaml-reference/" class=""> Stack YAML reference</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/triggers/" class=""> Use triggers</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/apps/volumes/" class=""> Work with data volumes</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Manage Builds and Images</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/automated-build/" class=""> Automated builds</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/automated-testing/" class=""> Automated repository tests</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/repos/" class=""> Docker Cloud repositories</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/link-source/" class=""> Link to a source code repository</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/push-images/" class=""> Push images to Docker Cloud</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/builds/image-scan/" class=""> Security Scanning in Docker Cloud</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Manage Infrastructure</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/deployment-strategies/" class=""> Container distribution strategies</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/link-aws/" class=""> Link to Amazon Web Services hosts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/link-do/" class=""> Link to DigitalOcean hosts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/link-azure/" class=""> Link to Microsoft Azure hosts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/link-packet/" class=""> Link to Packet hosts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/link-softlayer/" class=""> Link to SoftLayer hosts</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/ssh-into-a-node/" class=""> SSH into a Docker Cloud-managed node</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/docker-upgrade/" class=""> Upgrade Docker Engine on a node</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/byoh/" class=""> Use the Docker Cloud Agent</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/cloud-on-packet.net-faq/" class=""> Using Docker Cloud and Packet.net</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/infrastructure/cloud-on-aws-faq/" class=""> Using Docker Cloud on AWS</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/slack-integration/" class=""> Docker Cloud notifications in Slack</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/installing-cli/" class=""> The Docker Cloud CLI</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/docker-errors-faq/" class=""> Known Issues in Docker Cloud</a>
<a data-link href="../../../apidocs/docker-cloud/" class=""> API reference</a>
<a data-link href="../../../docker-cloud/release-notes/" class=""> Release Notes</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Machine</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/overview/" class=""> Machine Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/install-machine/" class=""> Install Machine</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/get-started/" class=""> Get started with a local VM</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/get-started-cloud/" class=""> Provision hosts in the cloud</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Learn by example</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/examples/ocean/" class=""> Provision Digital Ocean Droplets</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/examples/aws/" class=""> Provision AWS EC2 Instances</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/concepts/" class=""> Machine concepts and help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/migrate-to-machine/" class=""> Migrate from Boot2Docker to Machine</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Command line reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/active/" class=""> active</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/config/" class=""> config</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/create/" class=""> create</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/env/" class=""> env</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/help/" class=""> help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/inspect/" class=""> inspect</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/ip/" class=""> ip</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/kill/" class=""> kill</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/ls/" class=""> ls</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/provision/" class=""> provision</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/regenerate-certs/" class=""> regenerate-certs</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/restart/" class=""> restart</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/rm/" class=""> rm</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/scp/" class=""> scp</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/ssh/" class=""> ssh</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/start/" class=""> start</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/status/" class=""> status</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/stop/" class=""> stop</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/upgrade/" class=""> upgrade</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/reference/url/" class=""> url</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Drivers</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/os-base/" class=""> Driver options and operating system defaults</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/aws/" class=""> Amazon Web Services</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/digital-ocean/" class=""> Digital Ocean</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/generic/" class=""> Generic</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/gce/" class=""> Google Compute Engine</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/soft-layer/" class=""> IBM Softlayer</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/azure/" class=""> Microsoft Azure</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/hyper-v/" class=""> Microsoft Hyper-V</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/openstack/" class=""> OpenStack</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/virtualbox/" class=""> Oracle VirtualBox</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/rackspace/" class=""> Rackspace</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/vm-fusion/" class=""> VMware Fusion</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/vm-cloud/" class=""> VMware vCloud Air</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/vsphere/" class=""> VMware vSphere</a>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/drivers/exoscale/" class=""> exoscale</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../machine/completion/" class=""> Command-line Completion</a>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Toolbox</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../toolbox/overview/" class=""> Toolbox Overview</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Kitematic</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/userguide/" class=""> Kitematic User Guide: Intro &amp; Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/nginx-web-server/" class=""> Set up an Nginx web server</a>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/minecraft-server/" class=""> Set up a Minecraft Server</a>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/rethinkdb-dev-database/" class=""> Creating a Local RethinkDB Database for Development</a>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/faq/" class=""> Frequently Asked Questions</a>
<a data-link href="../../../kitematic/known-issues/" class=""> Known Issues</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../faqs/troubleshoot/" class=""> Troubleshooting</a>
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<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Component Projects</button>
<div data-content>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Registry</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/" class=""> Registry Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/introduction/" class=""> Understanding the Registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/deploying/" class=""> Deploying a registry server</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/configuration/" class=""> Configuring a registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/notifications/" class=""> Working with notifications</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Recipes</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/" class=""> Recipes Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/apache/" class=""> Authenticating proxy with apache</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/nginx/" class=""> Authenticating proxy with nginx</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/building/" class=""> Build instructions</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/mirror/" class=""> Mirroring Docker Hub</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/recipes/osx-setup-guide/" class=""> Running on OS X</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Reference</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/" class=""> Reference Overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/api/" class=""> HTTP API V2</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/manifest-v2-1/" class=""> Image Manifest V 2, Schema 1 </a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/manifest-v2-2/" class=""> Image Manifest V 2, Schema 2 </a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/garbage-collection/" class=""> Garbage Collection</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/insecure/" class=""> Testing an insecure registry</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/compatibility/" class=""> Compatibility</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/auth/" class=""> Docker Registry Token Authentication</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/auth/jwt/" class=""> Token Authentication Implementation</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/auth/oauth/" class=""> Oauth2 Token Authentication</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/auth/scope/" class=""> Token Scope Documentation</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/spec/auth/token/" class=""> Token Authentication Specification</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Storage Drivers</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/" class=""> Storage Driver overview</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/oss/" class=""> Aliyun OSS storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/filesystem/" class=""> Filesystem storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/gcs/" class=""> GCS storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/inmemory/" class=""> In-memory storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/azure/" class=""> Microsoft Azure storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/s3/" class=""> S3 storage driver</a>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/storage-drivers/swift/" class=""> Swift storage driver</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../registry/help/" class=""> Getting help</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Docker Notary</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/getting_started/" class=""> Getting started with Notary</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/advanced_usage/" class=""> Use the Notary client</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/service_architecture/" class=""> Understand the service architecture</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/running_a_service/" class=""> Running a Notary service</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Notary Configuration</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/reference/server-config/" class=""> Server Configuration</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/reference/signer-config/" class=""> Signer Configuration</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/reference/client-config/" class=""> Client Configuration</a>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/reference/common-configs/" class=""> Common Server and Signer Configurations</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../notary/changelog/" class=""> Notary Changelog</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section data-accordion>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Open Source at Docker</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/code/" class=""> Quickstart contribution</a>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Set up for Engine Development</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/who-written-for/" class=""> README first</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/software-required/" class=""> Get the required software</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/software-req-win/" class=""> Set up for development on Windows</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/set-up-git/" class=""> Configure Git for contributing</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/set-up-dev-env/" class=""> Work with a development container</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/project/test-and-docs/" class=""> Run tests and test documentation</a>
</div>
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<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Contribution workflow</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/make-a-contribution/" class=""> Understand how to contribute</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/find-an-issue/" class=""> Find and claim an issue</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/work-issue/" class=""> Work on your issue</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/create-pr/" class=""> Create a pull request (PR)</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/review-pr/" class=""> Participate in the PR review</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/advanced-contributing/" class=""> Advanced contributing</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/workflow/coding-style/" class=""> Coding style checklist</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Other ways to contribute</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/ways/meetups/" class=""> Organize a Docker Meetup</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/ways/issues/" class=""> Organize our issues</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/ways/community/" class=""> Support the community</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/ways/test/" class=""> Testing contributions</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Contribute to Kitematic</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/get_started/" class=""> Get started</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/find_issue/" class=""> Find an issue</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/set_up_dev/" class=""> Set up for Kitematic development</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/work_issue/" class=""> Develop in Kitematic (work on an issue)</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/create_pr/" class=""> Create a pull request (PR)</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/kitematic/next_steps/" class=""> Where to learn more</a>
</div>
</article>
<article data-accordion>
<button data-control> Governance</button>
<div data-content>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/governance/dgab-info/" class=""> Docker Governance Advisory Board</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/governance/board-profiles/" class=""> Board member profiles</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/governance/conduct-code/" class=""> Code of conduct</a>
</div>
</article>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/FAQ/" class=""> FAQ for contributors</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/get-help/" class=""> Where to chat or get help</a>
<a data-link href="../../../opensource/doc-style/" class=""> Style guide for Docker documentation</a>
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<a data-link href="../../../release-notes/" class=""> Docker Release Notes</a>
<a data-link href="../../../engine/reference/glossary/" class=""> Docker Glossary</a>
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<a data-link href="http://docs.docker.com/v1.10/" class=""> Version 1.10</a>
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<section id="main">
<article id="content">
<h1 id="dockerfile-reference">Dockerfile reference</h1>
<p>Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a
<code>Dockerfile</code>. A <code>Dockerfile</code> is a text document that contains all the commands a
user could call on the command line to assemble an image. Using <code>docker build</code>
users can create an automated build that executes several command-line
instructions in succession.</p>
<p>This page describes the commands you can use in a <code>Dockerfile</code>. When you are
done reading this page, refer to the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/"><code>Dockerfile</code> Best
Practices</a> for a tip-oriented guide.</p>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<p>The <a href="../../../engine/reference/commandline/build/"><code>docker build</code></a> command builds an image from
a <code>Dockerfile</code> and a <em>context</em>. The build&rsquo;s context is the files at a specified
location <code>PATH</code> or <code>URL</code>. The <code>PATH</code> is a directory on your local filesystem.
The <code>URL</code> is a the location of a Git repository.</p>
<p>A context is processed recursively. So, a <code>PATH</code> includes any subdirectories and
the <code>URL</code> includes the repository and its submodules. A simple build command
that uses the current directory as context:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 6.51 MB
...
</code></pre>
<p>The build is run by the Docker daemon, not by the CLI. The first thing a build
process does is send the entire context (recursively) to the daemon. In most
cases, it&rsquo;s best to start with an empty directory as context and keep your
Dockerfile in that directory. Add only the files needed for building the
Dockerfile.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Warning</strong>: Do not use your root directory, <code>/</code>, as the <code>PATH</code> as it causes
the build to transfer the entire contents of your hard drive to the Docker
daemon.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>To use a file in the build context, the <code>Dockerfile</code> refers to the file specified
in an instruction, for example, a <code>COPY</code> instruction. To increase the build&rsquo;s
performance, exclude files and directories by adding a <code>.dockerignore</code> file to
the context directory. For information about how to <a href="#dockerignore-file">create a <code>.dockerignore</code>
file</a> see the documentation on this page.</p>
<p>Traditionally, the <code>Dockerfile</code> is called <code>Dockerfile</code> and located in the root
of the context. You use the <code>-f</code> flag with <code>docker build</code> to point to a Dockerfile
anywhere in your file system.</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build -f /path/to/a/Dockerfile .
</code></pre>
<p>You can specify a repository and tag at which to save the new image if
the build succeeds:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build -t shykes/myapp .
</code></pre>
<p>To tag the image into multiple repositories after the build,
add multiple <code>-t</code> parameters when you run the <code>build</code> command:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build -t shykes/myapp:1.0.2 -t shykes/myapp:latest .
</code></pre>
<p>The Docker daemon runs the instructions in the <code>Dockerfile</code> one-by-one,
committing the result of each instruction
to a new image if necessary, before finally outputting the ID of your
new image. The Docker daemon will automatically clean up the context you
sent.</p>
<p>Note that each instruction is run independently, and causes a new image
to be created - so <code>RUN cd /tmp</code> will not have any effect on the next
instructions.</p>
<p>Whenever possible, Docker will re-use the intermediate images (cache),
to accelerate the <code>docker build</code> process significantly. This is indicated by
the <code>Using cache</code> message in the console output.
(For more information, see the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/#build-cache">Build cache section</a>) in the
<code>Dockerfile</code> best practices guide:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build -t svendowideit/ambassador .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 15.36 kB
Step 0 : FROM alpine:3.2
---&gt; 31f630c65071
Step 1 : MAINTAINER SvenDowideit@home.org.au
---&gt; Using cache
---&gt; 2a1c91448f5f
Step 2 : RUN apk update &amp;&amp; apk add socat &amp;&amp; rm -r /var/cache/
---&gt; Using cache
---&gt; 21ed6e7fbb73
Step 3 : CMD env | grep _TCP= | (sed 's/.*_PORT_\([0-9]*\)_TCP=tcp:\/\/\(.*\):\(.*\)/socat -t 100000000 TCP4-LISTEN:\1,fork,reuseaddr TCP4:\2:\3 \&amp;/' &amp;&amp; echo wait) | sh
---&gt; Using cache
---&gt; 7ea8aef582cc
Successfully built 7ea8aef582cc
</code></pre>
<p>When you&rsquo;re done with your build, you&rsquo;re ready to look into <a href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockerrepos/#contributing-to-docker-hub"><em>Pushing a
repository to its registry</em></a>.</p>
<h2 id="format">Format</h2>
<p>Here is the format of the <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<pre><code># Comment
INSTRUCTION arguments
</code></pre>
<p>The instruction is not case-sensitive, however convention is for them to
be UPPERCASE in order to distinguish them from arguments more easily.</p>
<p>Docker runs the instructions in a <code>Dockerfile</code> in order. <strong>The
first instruction must be `FROM`</strong> in order to specify the <a href="../../../engine/reference/glossary/#base-image"><em>Base
Image</em></a> from which you are building.</p>
<p>Docker will treat lines that <em>begin</em> with <code>#</code> as a
comment. A <code>#</code> marker anywhere else in the line will
be treated as an argument. This allows statements like:</p>
<pre><code># Comment
RUN echo 'we are running some # of cool things'
</code></pre>
<p>Here is the set of instructions you can use in a <code>Dockerfile</code> for building
images.</p>
<h3 id="environment-replacement">Environment replacement</h3>
<p>Environment variables (declared with <a href="#env">the <code>ENV</code> statement</a>) can also be
used in certain instructions as variables to be interpreted by the
<code>Dockerfile</code>. Escapes are also handled for including variable-like syntax
into a statement literally.</p>
<p>Environment variables are notated in the <code>Dockerfile</code> either with
<code>$variable_name</code> or <code>${variable_name}</code>. They are treated equivalently and the
brace syntax is typically used to address issues with variable names with no
whitespace, like <code>${foo}_bar</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>${variable_name}</code> syntax also supports a few of the standard <code>bash</code>
modifiers as specified below:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>${variable:-word}</code> indicates that if <code>variable</code> is set then the result
will be that value. If <code>variable</code> is not set then <code>word</code> will be the result.</li>
<li><code>${variable:+word}</code> indicates that if <code>variable</code> is set then <code>word</code> will be
the result, otherwise the result is the empty string.</li>
</ul>
<p>In all cases, <code>word</code> can be any string, including additional environment
variables.</p>
<p>Escaping is possible by adding a <code>\</code> before the variable: <code>\$foo</code> or <code>\${foo}</code>,
for example, will translate to <code>$foo</code> and <code>${foo}</code> literals respectively.</p>
<p>Example (parsed representation is displayed after the <code>#</code>):</p>
<pre><code>FROM busybox
ENV foo /bar
WORKDIR ${foo} # WORKDIR /bar
ADD . $foo # ADD . /bar
COPY \$foo /quux # COPY $foo /quux
</code></pre>
<p>Environment variables are supported by the following list of instructions in
the <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ADD</code></li>
<li><code>COPY</code></li>
<li><code>ENV</code></li>
<li><code>EXPOSE</code></li>
<li><code>LABEL</code></li>
<li><code>USER</code></li>
<li><code>WORKDIR</code></li>
<li><code>VOLUME</code></li>
<li><code>STOPSIGNAL</code></li>
</ul>
<p>as well as:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ONBUILD</code> (when combined with one of the supported instructions above)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
prior to 1.4, <code>ONBUILD</code> instructions did <strong>NOT</strong> support environment
variable, even when combined with any of the instructions listed above.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Environment variable substitution will use the same value for each variable
throughout the entire command. In other words, in this example:</p>
<pre><code>ENV abc=hello
ENV abc=bye def=$abc
ENV ghi=$abc
</code></pre>
<p>will result in <code>def</code> having a value of <code>hello</code>, not <code>bye</code>. However,
<code>ghi</code> will have a value of <code>bye</code> because it is not part of the same command
that set <code>abc</code> to <code>bye</code>.</p>
<h3 id="dockerignore-file">.dockerignore file</h3>
<p>Before the docker CLI sends the context to the docker daemon, it looks
for a file named <code>.dockerignore</code> in the root directory of the context.
If this file exists, the CLI modifies the context to exclude files and
directories that match patterns in it. This helps to avoid
unnecessarily sending large or sensitive files and directories to the
daemon and potentially adding them to images using <code>ADD</code> or <code>COPY</code>.</p>
<p>The CLI interprets the <code>.dockerignore</code> file as a newline-separated
list of patterns similar to the file globs of Unix shells. For the
purposes of matching, the root of the context is considered to be both
the working and the root directory. For example, the patterns
<code>/foo/bar</code> and <code>foo/bar</code> both exclude a file or directory named <code>bar</code>
in the <code>foo</code> subdirectory of <code>PATH</code> or in the root of the git
repository located at <code>URL</code>. Neither excludes anything else.</p>
<p>Here is an example <code>.dockerignore</code> file:</p>
<pre><code> */temp*
*/*/temp*
temp?
</code></pre>
<p>This file causes the following build behavior:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Rule</th>
<th>Behavior</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>*/temp*</code></td>
<td>Exclude files and directories whose names start with <code>temp</code> in any immediate subdirectory of the root. For example, the plain file <code>/somedir/temporary.txt</code> is excluded, as is the directory <code>/somedir/temp</code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>*/*/temp*</code></td>
<td>Exclude files and directories starting with <code>temp</code> from any subdirectory that is two levels below the root. For example, <code>/somedir/subdir/temporary.txt</code> is excluded.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>temp?</code></td>
<td>Exclude files and directories in the root directory whose names are a one-character extension of <code>temp</code>. For example, <code>/tempa</code> and <code>/tempb</code> are excluded.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Matching is done using Go&rsquo;s
<a href="http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath#Match">filepath.Match</a> rules. A
preprocessing step removes leading and trailing whitespace and
eliminates <code>.</code> and <code>..</code> elements using Go&rsquo;s
<a href="http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath/#Clean">filepath.Clean</a>. Lines
that are blank after preprocessing are ignored.</p>
<p>Beyond Go&rsquo;s filepath.Match rules, Docker also supports a special
wildcard string <code>**</code> that matches any number of directories (including
zero). For example, <code>**/*.go</code> will exclude all files that end with <code>.go</code>
that are found in all directories, including the root of the build context.</p>
<p>Lines starting with <code>!</code> (exclamation mark) can be used to make exceptions
to exclusions. The following is an example <code>.dockerignore</code> file that
uses this mechanism:</p>
<pre><code> *.md
!README.md
</code></pre>
<p>All markdown files <em>except</em> <code>README.md</code> are excluded from the context.</p>
<p>The placement of <code>!</code> exception rules influences the behavior: the last
line of the <code>.dockerignore</code> that matches a particular file determines
whether it is included or excluded. Consider the following example:</p>
<pre><code> *.md
!README*.md
README-secret.md
</code></pre>
<p>No markdown files are included in the context except README files other than
<code>README-secret.md</code>.</p>
<p>Now consider this example:</p>
<pre><code> *.md
README-secret.md
!README*.md
</code></pre>
<p>All of the README files are included. The middle line has no effect because
<code>!README*.md</code> matches <code>README-secret.md</code> and comes last.</p>
<p>You can even use the <code>.dockerignore</code> file to exclude the <code>Dockerfile</code>
and <code>.dockerignore</code> files. These files are still sent to the daemon
because it needs them to do its job. But the <code>ADD</code> and <code>COPY</code> commands
do not copy them to the image.</p>
<p>Finally, you may want to specify which files to include in the
context, rather than which to exclude. To achieve this, specify <code>*</code> as
the first pattern, followed by one or more <code>!</code> exception patterns.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: For historical reasons, the pattern <code>.</code> is ignored.</p>
<h2 id="from">FROM</h2>
<pre><code>FROM &lt;image&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Or</p>
<pre><code>FROM &lt;image&gt;:&lt;tag&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Or</p>
<pre><code>FROM &lt;image&gt;@&lt;digest&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>FROM</code> instruction sets the <a href="../../../engine/reference/glossary/#base-image"><em>Base Image</em></a>
for subsequent instructions. As such, a valid <code>Dockerfile</code> must have <code>FROM</code> as
its first instruction. The image can be any valid image – it is especially easy
to start by <strong>pulling an image</strong> from the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockerrepos/"><em>Public Repositories</em></a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>FROM</code> must be the first non-comment instruction in the <code>Dockerfile</code>.</p></li>
<li><p><code>FROM</code> can appear multiple times within a single <code>Dockerfile</code> in order to create
multiple images. Simply make a note of the last image ID output by the commit
before each new <code>FROM</code> command.</p></li>
<li><p>The <code>tag</code> or <code>digest</code> values are optional. If you omit either of them, the builder
assumes a <code>latest</code> by default. The builder returns an error if it cannot match
the <code>tag</code> value.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="maintainer">MAINTAINER</h2>
<pre><code>MAINTAINER &lt;name&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>MAINTAINER</code> instruction allows you to set the <em>Author</em> field of the
generated images.</p>
<h2 id="run">RUN</h2>
<p>RUN has 2 forms:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>RUN &lt;command&gt;</code> (<em>shell</em> form, the command is run in a shell - <code>/bin/sh -c</code>)</li>
<li><code>RUN [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</code> (<em>exec</em> form)</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>RUN</code> instruction will execute any commands in a new layer on top of the
current image and commit the results. The resulting committed image will be
used for the next step in the <code>Dockerfile</code>.</p>
<p>Layering <code>RUN</code> instructions and generating commits conforms to the core
concepts of Docker where commits are cheap and containers can be created from
any point in an image&rsquo;s history, much like source control.</p>
<p>The <em>exec</em> form makes it possible to avoid shell string munging, and to <code>RUN</code>
commands using a base image that does not contain <code>/bin/sh</code>.</p>
<p>In the <em>shell</em> form you can use a <code>\</code> (backslash) to continue a single
RUN instruction onto the next line. For example, consider these two lines:</p>
<pre><code>RUN /bin/bash -c 'source $HOME/.bashrc ;\
echo $HOME'
</code></pre>
<p>Together they are equivalent to this single line:</p>
<pre><code>RUN /bin/bash -c 'source $HOME/.bashrc ; echo $HOME'
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
To use a different shell, other than &lsquo;/bin/sh&rsquo;, use the <em>exec</em> form
passing in the desired shell. For example,
<code>RUN [&quot;/bin/bash&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;echo hello&quot;]</code></p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The <em>exec</em> form is parsed as a JSON array, which means that
you must use double-quotes (&ldquo;) around words not single-quotes (&lsquo;).</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
Unlike the <em>shell</em> form, the <em>exec</em> form does not invoke a command shell.
This means that normal shell processing does not happen. For example,
<code>RUN [ &quot;echo&quot;, &quot;$HOME&quot; ]</code> will not do variable substitution on <code>$HOME</code>.
If you want shell processing then either use the <em>shell</em> form or execute
a shell directly, for example: <code>RUN [ &quot;sh&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;echo $HOME&quot; ]</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
In the <em>JSON</em> form, it is necessary to escape backslashes. This is
particularly relevant on Windows where the backslash is the path seperator.
The following line would otherwise be treated as <em>shell</em> form due to not
being valid JSON, and fail in an unexpected way:
<code>RUN [&quot;c:\windows\system32\tasklist.exe&quot;]</code>
The correct syntax for this example is:
<code>RUN [&quot;c:\\windows\\system32\\tasklist.exe&quot;]</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>The cache for <code>RUN</code> instructions isn&rsquo;t invalidated automatically during
the next build. The cache for an instruction like
<code>RUN apt-get dist-upgrade -y</code> will be reused during the next build. The
cache for <code>RUN</code> instructions can be invalidated by using the <code>--no-cache</code>
flag, for example <code>docker build --no-cache</code>.</p>
<p>See the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/#build-cache"><code>Dockerfile</code> Best Practices
guide</a> for more information.</p>
<p>The cache for <code>RUN</code> instructions can be invalidated by <code>ADD</code> instructions. See
<a href="#add">below</a> for details.</p>
<h3 id="known-issues-run">Known issues (RUN)</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/783">Issue 783</a> is about file
permissions problems that can occur when using the AUFS file system. You
might notice it during an attempt to <code>rm</code> a file, for example.</li>
</ul>
<p>For systems that have recent aufs version (i.e., <code>dirperm1</code> mount option can
be set), docker will attempt to fix the issue automatically by mounting
the layers with <code>dirperm1</code> option. More details on <code>dirperm1</code> option can be
found at <a href="http://aufs.sourceforge.net/aufs3/man.html"><code>aufs</code> man page</a></p>
<p>If your system doesn&rsquo;t have support for <code>dirperm1</code>, the issue describes a workaround.</p>
<h2 id="cmd">CMD</h2>
<p>The <code>CMD</code> instruction has three forms:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>CMD [&quot;executable&quot;,&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]</code> (<em>exec</em> form, this is the preferred form)</li>
<li><code>CMD [&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]</code> (as <em>default parameters to ENTRYPOINT</em>)</li>
<li><code>CMD command param1 param2</code> (<em>shell</em> form)</li>
</ul>
<p>There can only be one <code>CMD</code> instruction in a <code>Dockerfile</code>. If you list more than one <code>CMD</code>
then only the last <code>CMD</code> will take effect.</p>
<p><strong>The main purpose of a <code>CMD</code> is to provide defaults for an executing
container.</strong> These defaults can include an executable, or they can omit
the executable, in which case you must specify an <code>ENTRYPOINT</code>
instruction as well.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
If <code>CMD</code> is used to provide default arguments for the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code>
instruction, both the <code>CMD</code> and <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> instructions should be specified
with the JSON array format.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The <em>exec</em> form is parsed as a JSON array, which means that
you must use double-quotes (&ldquo;) around words not single-quotes (&lsquo;).</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
Unlike the <em>shell</em> form, the <em>exec</em> form does not invoke a command shell.
This means that normal shell processing does not happen. For example,
<code>CMD [ &quot;echo&quot;, &quot;$HOME&quot; ]</code> will not do variable substitution on <code>$HOME</code>.
If you want shell processing then either use the <em>shell</em> form or execute
a shell directly, for example: <code>CMD [ &quot;sh&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;echo&quot;, &quot;$HOME&quot; ]</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When used in the shell or exec formats, the <code>CMD</code> instruction sets the command
to be executed when running the image.</p>
<p>If you use the <em>shell</em> form of the <code>CMD</code>, then the <code>&lt;command&gt;</code> will execute in
<code>/bin/sh -c</code>:</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
CMD echo &quot;This is a test.&quot; | wc -
</code></pre>
<p>If you want to <strong>run your</strong> <code>&lt;command&gt;</code> <strong>without a shell</strong> then you must
express the command as a JSON array and give the full path to the executable.
<strong>This array form is the preferred format of <code>CMD</code>.</strong> Any additional parameters
must be individually expressed as strings in the array:</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
CMD [&quot;/usr/bin/wc&quot;,&quot;--help&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>If you would like your container to run the same executable every time, then
you should consider using <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> in combination with <code>CMD</code>. See
<a href="#entrypoint"><em>ENTRYPOINT</em></a>.</p>
<p>If the user specifies arguments to <code>docker run</code> then they will override the
default specified in <code>CMD</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
don&rsquo;t confuse <code>RUN</code> with <code>CMD</code>. <code>RUN</code> actually runs a command and commits
the result; <code>CMD</code> does not execute anything at build time, but specifies
the intended command for the image.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="label">LABEL</h2>
<pre><code>LABEL &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; ...
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>LABEL</code> instruction adds metadata to an image. A <code>LABEL</code> is a
key-value pair. To include spaces within a <code>LABEL</code> value, use quotes and
backslashes as you would in command-line parsing. A few usage examples:</p>
<pre><code>LABEL &quot;com.example.vendor&quot;=&quot;ACME Incorporated&quot;
LABEL com.example.label-with-value=&quot;foo&quot;
LABEL version=&quot;1.0&quot;
LABEL description=&quot;This text illustrates \
that label-values can span multiple lines.&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>An image can have more than one label. To specify multiple labels,
Docker recommends combining labels into a single <code>LABEL</code> instruction where
possible. Each <code>LABEL</code> instruction produces a new layer which can result in an
inefficient image if you use many labels. This example results in a single image
layer.</p>
<pre><code>LABEL multi.label1=&quot;value1&quot; multi.label2=&quot;value2&quot; other=&quot;value3&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>The above can also be written as:</p>
<pre><code>LABEL multi.label1=&quot;value1&quot; \
multi.label2=&quot;value2&quot; \
other=&quot;value3&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Labels are additive including <code>LABEL</code>s in <code>FROM</code> images. If Docker
encounters a label/key that already exists, the new value overrides any previous
labels with identical keys.</p>
<p>To view an image&rsquo;s labels, use the <code>docker inspect</code> command.</p>
<pre><code>&quot;Labels&quot;: {
&quot;com.example.vendor&quot;: &quot;ACME Incorporated&quot;
&quot;com.example.label-with-value&quot;: &quot;foo&quot;,
&quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0&quot;,
&quot;description&quot;: &quot;This text illustrates that label-values can span multiple lines.&quot;,
&quot;multi.label1&quot;: &quot;value1&quot;,
&quot;multi.label2&quot;: &quot;value2&quot;,
&quot;other&quot;: &quot;value3&quot;
},
</code></pre>
<h2 id="expose">EXPOSE</h2>
<pre><code>EXPOSE &lt;port&gt; [&lt;port&gt;...]
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>EXPOSE</code> instruction informs Docker that the container listens on the
specified network ports at runtime. <code>EXPOSE</code> does not make the ports of the
container accessible to the host. To do that, you must use either the <code>-p</code> flag
to publish a range of ports or the <code>-P</code> flag to publish all of the exposed
ports. You can expose one port number and publish it externally under another
number.</p>
<p>To set up port redirection on the host system, see <a href="../../../engine/reference/run/#expose-incoming-ports">using the -P
flag</a>. The Docker network feature supports
creating networks without the need to expose ports within the network, for
detailed information see the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/networking/">overview of this
feature</a>).</p>
<h2 id="env">ENV</h2>
<pre><code>ENV &lt;key&gt; &lt;value&gt;
ENV &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; ...
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>ENV</code> instruction sets the environment variable <code>&lt;key&gt;</code> to the value
<code>&lt;value&gt;</code>. This value will be in the environment of all &ldquo;descendant&rdquo;
<code>Dockerfile</code> commands and can be <a href="#environment-replacement">replaced inline</a> in
many as well.</p>
<p>The <code>ENV</code> instruction has two forms. The first form, <code>ENV &lt;key&gt; &lt;value&gt;</code>,
will set a single variable to a value. The entire string after the first
space will be treated as the <code>&lt;value&gt;</code> - including characters such as
spaces and quotes.</p>
<p>The second form, <code>ENV &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; ...</code>, allows for multiple variables to
be set at one time. Notice that the second form uses the equals sign (=)
in the syntax, while the first form does not. Like command line parsing,
quotes and backslashes can be used to include spaces within values.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code>ENV myName=&quot;John Doe&quot; myDog=Rex\ The\ Dog \
myCat=fluffy
</code></pre>
<p>and</p>
<pre><code>ENV myName John Doe
ENV myDog Rex The Dog
ENV myCat fluffy
</code></pre>
<p>will yield the same net results in the final container, but the first form
is preferred because it produces a single cache layer.</p>
<p>The environment variables set using <code>ENV</code> will persist when a container is run
from the resulting image. You can view the values using <code>docker inspect</code>, and
change them using <code>docker run --env &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt;</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
Environment persistence can cause unexpected side effects. For example,
setting <code>ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive</code> may confuse apt-get
users on a Debian-based image. To set a value for a single command, use
<code>RUN &lt;key&gt;=&lt;value&gt; &lt;command&gt;</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="add">ADD</h2>
<p>ADD has two forms:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ADD &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</code></li>
<li><code>ADD [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</code> (this form is required for paths containing
whitespace)</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>ADD</code> instruction copies new files, directories or remote file URLs from <code>&lt;src&gt;</code>
and adds them to the filesystem of the container at the path <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code>.</p>
<p>Multiple <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> resource may be specified but if they are files or
directories then they must be relative to the source directory that is
being built (the context of the build).</p>
<p>Each <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> may contain wildcards and matching will be done using Go&rsquo;s
<a href="http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath#Match">filepath.Match</a> rules. For example:</p>
<pre><code>ADD hom* /mydir/ # adds all files starting with &quot;hom&quot;
ADD hom?.txt /mydir/ # ? is replaced with any single character, e.g., &quot;home.txt&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> is an absolute path, or a path relative to <code>WORKDIR</code>, into which
the source will be copied inside the destination container.</p>
<pre><code>ADD test relativeDir/ # adds &quot;test&quot; to `WORKDIR`/relativeDir/
ADD test /absoluteDir/ # adds &quot;test&quot; to /absoluteDir/
</code></pre>
<p>All new files and directories are created with a UID and GID of 0.</p>
<p>In the case where <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a remote file URL, the destination will
have permissions of 600. If the remote file being retrieved has an HTTP
<code>Last-Modified</code> header, the timestamp from that header will be used
to set the <code>mtime</code> on the destination file. However, like any other file
processed during an <code>ADD</code>, <code>mtime</code> will not be included in the determination
of whether or not the file has changed and the cache should be updated.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
If you build by passing a <code>Dockerfile</code> through STDIN (<code>docker
build - &lt; somefile</code>), there is no build context, so the <code>Dockerfile</code>
can only contain a URL based <code>ADD</code> instruction. You can also pass a
compressed archive through STDIN: (<code>docker build - &lt; archive.tar.gz</code>),
the <code>Dockerfile</code> at the root of the archive and the rest of the
archive will get used at the context of the build.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
If your URL files are protected using authentication, you
will need to use <code>RUN wget</code>, <code>RUN curl</code> or use another tool from
within the container as the <code>ADD</code> instruction does not support
authentication.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The first encountered <code>ADD</code> instruction will invalidate the cache for all
following instructions from the Dockerfile if the contents of <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> have
changed. This includes invalidating the cache for <code>RUN</code> instructions.
See the <a href="../../../engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/#build-cache"><code>Dockerfile</code> Best Practices
guide</a> for more information.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>ADD</code> obeys the following rules:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>The <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> path must be inside the <em>context</em> of the build;
you cannot <code>ADD ../something /something</code>, because the first step of a
<code>docker build</code> is to send the context directory (and subdirectories) to the
docker daemon.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a URL and <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> does not end with a trailing slash, then a
file is downloaded from the URL and copied to <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a URL and <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> does end with a trailing slash, then the
filename is inferred from the URL and the file is downloaded to
<code>&lt;dest&gt;/&lt;filename&gt;</code>. For instance, <code>ADD http://example.com/foobar /</code> would
create the file <code>/foobar</code>. The URL must have a nontrivial path so that an
appropriate filename can be discovered in this case (<code>http://example.com</code>
will not work).</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a directory, the entire contents of the directory are copied,
including filesystem metadata.</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The directory itself is not copied, just its contents.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a <em>local</em> tar archive in a recognized compression format
(identity, gzip, bzip2 or xz) then it is unpacked as a directory. Resources
from <em>remote</em> URLs are <strong>not</strong> decompressed. When a directory is copied or
unpacked, it has the same behavior as <code>tar -x</code>: the result is the union of:</p>
<ol>
<li>Whatever existed at the destination path and</li>
<li>The contents of the source tree, with conflicts resolved in favor
of &ldquo;2.&rdquo; on a file-by-file basis.</li>
</ol></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
Whether a file is identified as a recognized compression format or not
is done solely based on the contents of the file, not the name of the file.
For example, if an empty file happens to end with <code>.tar.gz</code> this will not
be recognized as a compressed file and <strong>will not</strong> generate any kind of
decompression error message, rather the file will simply be copied to the
destination.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is any other kind of file, it is copied individually along with
its metadata. In this case, if <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> ends with a trailing slash <code>/</code>, it
will be considered a directory and the contents of <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> will be written
at <code>&lt;dest&gt;/base(&lt;src&gt;)</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If multiple <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> resources are specified, either directly or due to the
use of a wildcard, then <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> must be a directory, and it must end with
a slash <code>/</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> does not end with a trailing slash, it will be considered a
regular file and the contents of <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> will be written at <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> doesn&rsquo;t exist, it is created along with all missing directories
in its path.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="copy">COPY</h2>
<p>COPY has two forms:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>COPY &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</code></li>
<li><code>COPY [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</code> (this form is required for paths containing
whitespace)</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>COPY</code> instruction copies new files or directories from <code>&lt;src&gt;</code>
and adds them to the filesystem of the container at the path <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code>.</p>
<p>Multiple <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> resource may be specified but they must be relative
to the source directory that is being built (the context of the build).</p>
<p>Each <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> may contain wildcards and matching will be done using Go&rsquo;s
<a href="http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath#Match">filepath.Match</a> rules. For example:</p>
<pre><code>COPY hom* /mydir/ # adds all files starting with &quot;hom&quot;
COPY hom?.txt /mydir/ # ? is replaced with any single character, e.g., &quot;home.txt&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> is an absolute path, or a path relative to <code>WORKDIR</code>, into which
the source will be copied inside the destination container.</p>
<pre><code>COPY test relativeDir/ # adds &quot;test&quot; to `WORKDIR`/relativeDir/
COPY test /absoluteDir/ # adds &quot;test&quot; to /absoluteDir/
</code></pre>
<p>All new files and directories are created with a UID and GID of 0.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
If you build using STDIN (<code>docker build - &lt; somefile</code>), there is no
build context, so <code>COPY</code> can&rsquo;t be used.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>COPY</code> obeys the following rules:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>The <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> path must be inside the <em>context</em> of the build;
you cannot <code>COPY ../something /something</code>, because the first step of a
<code>docker build</code> is to send the context directory (and subdirectories) to the
docker daemon.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is a directory, the entire contents of the directory are copied,
including filesystem metadata.</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The directory itself is not copied, just its contents.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> is any other kind of file, it is copied individually along with
its metadata. In this case, if <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> ends with a trailing slash <code>/</code>, it
will be considered a directory and the contents of <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> will be written
at <code>&lt;dest&gt;/base(&lt;src&gt;)</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If multiple <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> resources are specified, either directly or due to the
use of a wildcard, then <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> must be a directory, and it must end with
a slash <code>/</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> does not end with a trailing slash, it will be considered a
regular file and the contents of <code>&lt;src&gt;</code> will be written at <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <code>&lt;dest&gt;</code> doesn&rsquo;t exist, it is created along with all missing directories
in its path.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="entrypoint">ENTRYPOINT</h2>
<p>ENTRYPOINT has two forms:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ENTRYPOINT [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</code>
(<em>exec</em> form, preferred)</li>
<li><code>ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2</code>
(<em>shell</em> form)</li>
</ul>
<p>An <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> allows you to configure a container that will run as an executable.</p>
<p>For example, the following will start nginx with its default content, listening
on port 80:</p>
<pre><code>docker run -i -t --rm -p 80:80 nginx
</code></pre>
<p>Command line arguments to <code>docker run &lt;image&gt;</code> will be appended after all
elements in an <em>exec</em> form <code>ENTRYPOINT</code>, and will override all elements specified
using <code>CMD</code>.
This allows arguments to be passed to the entry point, i.e., <code>docker run &lt;image&gt; -d</code>
will pass the <code>-d</code> argument to the entry point.
You can override the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> instruction using the <code>docker run --entrypoint</code>
flag.</p>
<p>The <em>shell</em> form prevents any <code>CMD</code> or <code>run</code> command line arguments from being
used, but has the disadvantage that your <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> will be started as a
subcommand of <code>/bin/sh -c</code>, which does not pass signals.
This means that the executable will not be the container&rsquo;s <code>PID 1</code> - and
will <em>not</em> receive Unix signals - so your executable will not receive a
<code>SIGTERM</code> from <code>docker stop &lt;container&gt;</code>.</p>
<p>Only the last <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> instruction in the <code>Dockerfile</code> will have an effect.</p>
<h3 id="exec-form-entrypoint-example">Exec form ENTRYPOINT example</h3>
<p>You can use the <em>exec</em> form of <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> to set fairly stable default commands
and arguments and then use either form of <code>CMD</code> to set additional defaults that
are more likely to be changed.</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT [&quot;top&quot;, &quot;-b&quot;]
CMD [&quot;-c&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>When you run the container, you can see that <code>top</code> is the only process:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker run -it --rm --name test top -H
top - 08:25:00 up 7:27, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Threads: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.1 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem: 2056668 total, 1616832 used, 439836 free, 99352 buffers
KiB Swap: 1441840 total, 0 used, 1441840 free. 1324440 cached Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 19744 2336 2080 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 top
</code></pre>
<p>To examine the result further, you can use <code>docker exec</code>:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker exec -it test ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 2.6 0.1 19752 2352 ? Ss+ 08:24 0:00 top -b -H
root 7 0.0 0.1 15572 2164 ? R+ 08:25 0:00 ps aux
</code></pre>
<p>And you can gracefully request <code>top</code> to shut down using <code>docker stop test</code>.</p>
<p>The following <code>Dockerfile</code> shows using the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> to run Apache in the
foreground (i.e., as <code>PID 1</code>):</p>
<pre><code>FROM debian:stable
RUN apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y --force-yes apache2
EXPOSE 80 443
VOLUME [&quot;/var/www&quot;, &quot;/var/log/apache2&quot;, &quot;/etc/apache2&quot;]
ENTRYPOINT [&quot;/usr/sbin/apache2ctl&quot;, &quot;-D&quot;, &quot;FOREGROUND&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>If you need to write a starter script for a single executable, you can ensure that
the final executable receives the Unix signals by using <code>exec</code> and <code>gosu</code>
commands:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ &quot;$1&quot; = 'postgres' ]; then
chown -R postgres &quot;$PGDATA&quot;
if [ -z &quot;$(ls -A &quot;$PGDATA&quot;)&quot; ]; then
gosu postgres initdb
fi
exec gosu postgres &quot;$@&quot;
fi
exec &quot;$@&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Lastly, if you need to do some extra cleanup (or communicate with other containers)
on shutdown, or are co-ordinating more than one executable, you may need to ensure
that the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> script receives the Unix signals, passes them on, and then
does some more work:</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/sh
# Note: I've written this using sh so it works in the busybox container too
# USE the trap if you need to also do manual cleanup after the service is stopped,
# or need to start multiple services in the one container
trap &quot;echo TRAPed signal&quot; HUP INT QUIT TERM
# start service in background here
/usr/sbin/apachectl start
echo &quot;[hit enter key to exit] or run 'docker stop &lt;container&gt;'&quot;
read
# stop service and clean up here
echo &quot;stopping apache&quot;
/usr/sbin/apachectl stop
echo &quot;exited $0&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>If you run this image with <code>docker run -it --rm -p 80:80 --name test apache</code>,
you can then examine the container&rsquo;s processes with <code>docker exec</code>, or <code>docker top</code>,
and then ask the script to stop Apache:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">$ docker exec -it test ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.1 0.0 4448 692 ? Ss+ 00:42 0:00 /bin/sh /run.sh 123 cmd cmd2
root 19 0.0 0.2 71304 4440 ? Ss 00:42 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 20 0.2 0.2 360468 6004 ? Sl 00:42 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 21 0.2 0.2 360468 6000 ? Sl 00:42 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
root 81 0.0 0.1 15572 2140 ? R+ 00:44 0:00 ps aux
$ docker top test
PID USER COMMAND
10035 root {run.sh} /bin/sh /run.sh 123 cmd cmd2
10054 root /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
10055 33 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
10056 33 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
$ /usr/bin/time docker stop test
test
real 0m 0.27s
user 0m 0.03s
sys 0m 0.03s
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> you can over ride the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> setting using <code>--entrypoint</code>,
but this can only set the binary to <em>exec</em> (no <code>sh -c</code> will be used).</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The <em>exec</em> form is parsed as a JSON array, which means that
you must use double-quotes (&ldquo;) around words not single-quotes (&lsquo;).</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
Unlike the <em>shell</em> form, the <em>exec</em> form does not invoke a command shell.
This means that normal shell processing does not happen. For example,
<code>ENTRYPOINT [ &quot;echo&quot;, &quot;$HOME&quot; ]</code> will not do variable substitution on <code>$HOME</code>.
If you want shell processing then either use the <em>shell</em> form or execute
a shell directly, for example: <code>ENTRYPOINT [ &quot;sh&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;echo&quot;, &quot;$HOME&quot; ]</code>.
Variables that are defined in the <code>Dockerfile</code>using <code>ENV</code>, will be substituted by
the <code>Dockerfile</code> parser.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="shell-form-entrypoint-example">Shell form ENTRYPOINT example</h3>
<p>You can specify a plain string for the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> and it will execute in <code>/bin/sh -c</code>.
This form will use shell processing to substitute shell environment variables,
and will ignore any <code>CMD</code> or <code>docker run</code> command line arguments.
To ensure that <code>docker stop</code> will signal any long running <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> executable
correctly, you need to remember to start it with <code>exec</code>:</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT exec top -b
</code></pre>
<p>When you run this image, you&rsquo;ll see the single <code>PID 1</code> process:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker run -it --rm --name test top
Mem: 1704520K used, 352148K free, 0K shrd, 0K buff, 140368121167873K cached
CPU: 5% usr 0% sys 0% nic 94% idle 0% io 0% irq 0% sirq
Load average: 0.08 0.03 0.05 2/98 6
PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %VSZ %CPU COMMAND
1 0 root R 3164 0% 0% top -b
</code></pre>
<p>Which will exit cleanly on <code>docker stop</code>:</p>
<pre><code>$ /usr/bin/time docker stop test
test
real 0m 0.20s
user 0m 0.02s
sys 0m 0.04s
</code></pre>
<p>If you forget to add <code>exec</code> to the beginning of your <code>ENTRYPOINT</code>:</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT top -b
CMD --ignored-param1
</code></pre>
<p>You can then run it (giving it a name for the next step):</p>
<pre><code>$ docker run -it --name test top --ignored-param2
Mem: 1704184K used, 352484K free, 0K shrd, 0K buff, 140621524238337K cached
CPU: 9% usr 2% sys 0% nic 88% idle 0% io 0% irq 0% sirq
Load average: 0.01 0.02 0.05 2/101 7
PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %VSZ %CPU COMMAND
1 0 root S 3168 0% 0% /bin/sh -c top -b cmd cmd2
7 1 root R 3164 0% 0% top -b
</code></pre>
<p>You can see from the output of <code>top</code> that the specified <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> is not <code>PID 1</code>.</p>
<p>If you then run <code>docker stop test</code>, the container will not exit cleanly - the
<code>stop</code> command will be forced to send a <code>SIGKILL</code> after the timeout:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker exec -it test ps aux
PID USER COMMAND
1 root /bin/sh -c top -b cmd cmd2
7 root top -b
8 root ps aux
$ /usr/bin/time docker stop test
test
real 0m 10.19s
user 0m 0.04s
sys 0m 0.03s
</code></pre>
<h3 id="understand-how-cmd-and-entrypoint-interact">Understand how CMD and ENTRYPOINT interact</h3>
<p>Both <code>CMD</code> and <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> instructions define what command gets executed when running a container.
There are few rules that describe their co-operation.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Dockerfile should specify at least one of <code>CMD</code> or <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> commands.</p></li>
<li><p><code>ENTRYPOINT</code> should be defined when using the container as an executable.</p></li>
<li><p><code>CMD</code> should be used as a way of defining default arguments for an <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> command
or for executing an ad-hoc command in a container.</p></li>
<li><p><code>CMD</code> will be overridden when running the container with alternative arguments.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>The table below shows what command is executed for different <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> / <code>CMD</code> combinations:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>No ENTRYPOINT</th>
<th>ENTRYPOINT exec_entry p1_entry</th>
<th>ENTRYPOINT [&ldquo;exec_entry&rdquo;, &ldquo;p1_entry&rdquo;]</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>No CMD</strong></td>
<td><em>error, not allowed</em></td>
<td>/bin/sh -c exec_entry p1_entry</td>
<td>exec_entry p1_entry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CMD [&ldquo;exec_cmd&rdquo;, &ldquo;p1_cmd&rdquo;]</strong></td>
<td>exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
<td>/bin/sh -c exec_entry p1_entry exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
<td>exec_entry p1_entry exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CMD [&ldquo;p1_cmd&rdquo;, &ldquo;p2_cmd&rdquo;]</strong></td>
<td>p1_cmd p2_cmd</td>
<td>/bin/sh -c exec_entry p1_entry p1_cmd p2_cmd</td>
<td>exec_entry p1_entry p1_cmd p2_cmd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CMD exec_cmd p1_cmd</strong></td>
<td>/bin/sh -c exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
<td>/bin/sh -c exec_entry p1_entry /bin/sh -c exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
<td>exec_entry p1_entry /bin/sh -c exec_cmd p1_cmd</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="volume">VOLUME</h2>
<pre><code>VOLUME [&quot;/data&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>VOLUME</code> instruction creates a mount point with the specified name
and marks it as holding externally mounted volumes from native host or other
containers. The value can be a JSON array, <code>VOLUME [&quot;/var/log/&quot;]</code>, or a plain
string with multiple arguments, such as <code>VOLUME /var/log</code> or <code>VOLUME /var/log
/var/db</code>. For more information/examples and mounting instructions via the
Docker client, refer to
<a href="../../../engine/userguide/containers/dockervolumes/#mount-a-host-directory-as-a-data-volume"><em>Share Directories via Volumes</em></a>
documentation.</p>
<p>The <code>docker run</code> command initializes the newly created volume with any data
that exists at the specified location within the base image. For example,
consider the following Dockerfile snippet:</p>
<pre><code>FROM ubuntu
RUN mkdir /myvol
RUN echo &quot;hello world&quot; &gt; /myvol/greeting
VOLUME /myvol
</code></pre>
<p>This Dockerfile results in an image that causes <code>docker run</code>, to
create a new mount point at <code>/myvol</code> and copy the <code>greeting</code> file
into the newly created volume.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
If any build steps change the data within the volume after it has been
declared, those changes will be discarded.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:
The list is parsed as a JSON array, which means that
you must use double-quotes (&ldquo;) around words not single-quotes (&lsquo;).</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="user">USER</h2>
<pre><code>USER daemon
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>USER</code> instruction sets the user name or UID to use when running the image
and for any <code>RUN</code>, <code>CMD</code> and <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> instructions that follow it in the
<code>Dockerfile</code>.</p>
<h2 id="workdir">WORKDIR</h2>
<pre><code>WORKDIR /path/to/workdir
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>WORKDIR</code> instruction sets the working directory for any <code>RUN</code>, <code>CMD</code>,
<code>ENTRYPOINT</code>, <code>COPY</code> and <code>ADD</code> instructions that follow it in the <code>Dockerfile</code>.
If the <code>WORKDIR</code> doesn&rsquo;t exist, it will be created even if its not used in any
subsequent <code>Dockerfile</code> instruction.</p>
<p>It can be used multiple times in the one <code>Dockerfile</code>. If a relative path
is provided, it will be relative to the path of the previous <code>WORKDIR</code>
instruction. For example:</p>
<pre><code>WORKDIR /a
WORKDIR b
WORKDIR c
RUN pwd
</code></pre>
<p>The output of the final <code>pwd</code> command in this <code>Dockerfile</code> would be
<code>/a/b/c</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>WORKDIR</code> instruction can resolve environment variables previously set using
<code>ENV</code>. You can only use environment variables explicitly set in the <code>Dockerfile</code>.
For example:</p>
<pre><code>ENV DIRPATH /path
WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
RUN pwd
</code></pre>
<p>The output of the final <code>pwd</code> command in this <code>Dockerfile</code> would be
<code>/path/$DIRNAME</code></p>
<h2 id="arg">ARG</h2>
<pre><code>ARG &lt;name&gt;[=&lt;default value&gt;]
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>ARG</code> instruction defines a variable that users can pass at build-time to
the builder with the <code>docker build</code> command using the <code>--build-arg
&lt;varname&gt;=&lt;value&gt;</code> flag. If a user specifies a build argument that was not
defined in the Dockerfile, the build outputs an error.</p>
<pre><code>One or more build-args were not consumed, failing build.
</code></pre>
<p>The Dockerfile author can define a single variable by specifying <code>ARG</code> once or many
variables by specifying <code>ARG</code> more than once. For example, a valid Dockerfile:</p>
<pre><code>FROM busybox
ARG user1
ARG buildno
...
</code></pre>
<p>A Dockerfile author may optionally specify a default value for an <code>ARG</code> instruction:</p>
<pre><code>FROM busybox
ARG user1=someuser
ARG buildno=1
...
</code></pre>
<p>If an <code>ARG</code> value has a default and if there is no value passed at build-time, the
builder uses the default.</p>
<p>An <code>ARG</code> variable definition comes into effect from the line on which it is
defined in the <code>Dockerfile</code> not from the argument&rsquo;s use on the command-line or
elsewhere. For example, consider this Dockerfile:</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM busybox
2 USER ${user:-some_user}
3 ARG user
4 USER $user
...
</code></pre>
<p>A user builds this file by calling:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build --build-arg user=what_user Dockerfile
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>USER</code> at line 2 evaluates to <code>some_user</code> as the <code>user</code> variable is defined on the
subsequent line 3. The <code>USER</code> at line 4 evaluates to <code>what_user</code> as <code>user</code> is
defined and the <code>what_user</code> value was passed on the command line. Prior to its definition by an
<code>ARG</code> instruction, any use of a variable results in an empty string.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> It is not recommended to use build-time variables for
passing secrets like github keys, user credentials etc.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>You can use an <code>ARG</code> or an <code>ENV</code> instruction to specify variables that are
available to the <code>RUN</code> instruction. Environment variables defined using the
<code>ENV</code> instruction always override an <code>ARG</code> instruction of the same name. Consider
this Dockerfile with an <code>ENV</code> and <code>ARG</code> instruction.</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER v1.0.0
4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
</code></pre>
<p>Then, assume this image is built with this command:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build --build-arg CONT_IMG_VER=v2.0.1 Dockerfile
</code></pre>
<p>In this case, the <code>RUN</code> instruction uses <code>v1.0.0</code> instead of the <code>ARG</code> setting
passed by the user:<code>v2.0.1</code> This behavior is similar to a shell
script where a locally scoped variable overrides the variables passed as
arguments or inherited from environment, from its point of definition.</p>
<p>Using the example above but a different <code>ENV</code> specification you can create more
useful interactions between <code>ARG</code> and <code>ENV</code> instructions:</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER ${CONT_IMG_VER:-v1.0.0}
4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
</code></pre>
<p>Unlike an <code>ARG</code> instruction, <code>ENV</code> values are always persisted in the built
image. Consider a docker build without the --build-arg flag:</p>
<pre><code>$ docker build Dockerfile
</code></pre>
<p>Using this Dockerfile example, <code>CONT_IMG_VER</code> is still persisted in the image but
its value would be <code>v1.0.0</code> as it is the default set in line 3 by the <code>ENV</code> instruction.</p>
<p>The variable expansion technique in this example allows you to pass arguments
from the command line and persist them in the final image by leveraging the
<code>ENV</code> instruction. Variable expansion is only supported for <a href="#environment-replacement">a limited set of
Dockerfile instructions.</a></p>
<p>Docker has a set of predefined <code>ARG</code> variables that you can use without a
corresponding <code>ARG</code> instruction in the Dockerfile.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>HTTP_PROXY</code></li>
<li><code>http_proxy</code></li>
<li><code>HTTPS_PROXY</code></li>
<li><code>https_proxy</code></li>
<li><code>FTP_PROXY</code></li>
<li><code>ftp_proxy</code></li>
<li><code>NO_PROXY</code></li>
<li><code>no_proxy</code></li>
</ul>
<p>To use these, simply pass them on the command line using the <code>--build-arg
&lt;varname&gt;=&lt;value&gt;</code> flag.</p>
<h3 id="impact-on-build-caching">Impact on build caching</h3>
<p><code>ARG</code> variables are not persisted into the built image as <code>ENV</code> variables are.
However, <code>ARG</code> variables do impact the build cache in similar ways. If a
Dockerfile defines an <code>ARG</code> variable whose value is different from a previous
build, then a &ldquo;cache miss&rdquo; occurs upon first use of the <code>ARG</code> variable. The
declaration of the <code>ARG</code> variable does not count as a use.</p>
<p>For example, consider these two Dockerfile:</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
</code></pre>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 RUN echo hello
</code></pre>
<p>If you specify <code>--build-arg CONT_IMG_VER=&lt;value&gt;</code> on the command line, in both
cases, the specification on line 2 does not cause a cache miss; line 3 does
cause a cache miss.<code>ARG CONT_IMG_VER</code> causes the RUN line to be identified
as the same as running <code>CONT_IMG_VER=&lt;value&gt;</code> echo hello, so if the <code>&lt;value&gt;</code>
changes, we get a cache miss.</p>
<p>Consider another example under the same command line:</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER $CONT_IMG_VER
4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
</code></pre>
<p>In this example, the cache miss occurs on line 3. The miss happens because
the variable&rsquo;s value in the <code>ENV</code> references the <code>ARG</code> variable and that
variable is changed through the command line. In this example, the <code>ENV</code>
command causes the image to include the value.</p>
<p>If an <code>ENV</code> instruction overrides an <code>ARG</code> instruction of the same name, like
this Dockerfile:</p>
<pre><code>1 FROM ubuntu
2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER hello
4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
</code></pre>
<p>Line 3 does not cause a cache miss because the value of <code>CONT_IMG_VER</code> is a
constant (<code>hello</code>). As a result, the environment variables and values used on
the <code>RUN</code> (line 4) doesn&rsquo;t change between builds.</p>
<h2 id="onbuild">ONBUILD</h2>
<pre><code>ONBUILD [INSTRUCTION]
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>ONBUILD</code> instruction adds to the image a <em>trigger</em> instruction to
be executed at a later time, when the image is used as the base for
another build. The trigger will be executed in the context of the
downstream build, as if it had been inserted immediately after the
<code>FROM</code> instruction in the downstream <code>Dockerfile</code>.</p>
<p>Any build instruction can be registered as a trigger.</p>
<p>This is useful if you are building an image which will be used as a base
to build other images, for example an application build environment or a
daemon which may be customized with user-specific configuration.</p>
<p>For example, if your image is a reusable Python application builder, it
will require application source code to be added in a particular
directory, and it might require a build script to be called <em>after</em>
that. You can&rsquo;t just call <code>ADD</code> and <code>RUN</code> now, because you don&rsquo;t yet
have access to the application source code, and it will be different for
each application build. You could simply provide application developers
with a boilerplate <code>Dockerfile</code> to copy-paste into their application, but
that is inefficient, error-prone and difficult to update because it
mixes with application-specific code.</p>
<p>The solution is to use <code>ONBUILD</code> to register advance instructions to
run later, during the next build stage.</p>
<p>Here&rsquo;s how it works:</p>
<ol>
<li>When it encounters an <code>ONBUILD</code> instruction, the builder adds a
trigger to the metadata of the image being built. The instruction
does not otherwise affect the current build.</li>
<li>At the end of the build, a list of all triggers is stored in the
image manifest, under the key <code>OnBuild</code>. They can be inspected with
the <code>docker inspect</code> command.</li>
<li>Later the image may be used as a base for a new build, using the
<code>FROM</code> instruction. As part of processing the <code>FROM</code> instruction,
the downstream builder looks for <code>ONBUILD</code> triggers, and executes
them in the same order they were registered. If any of the triggers
fail, the <code>FROM</code> instruction is aborted which in turn causes the
build to fail. If all triggers succeed, the <code>FROM</code> instruction
completes and the build continues as usual.</li>
<li>Triggers are cleared from the final image after being executed. In
other words they are not inherited by &ldquo;grand-children&rdquo; builds.</li>
</ol>
<p>For example you might add something like this:</p>
<pre><code>[...]
ONBUILD ADD . /app/src
ONBUILD RUN /usr/local/bin/python-build --dir /app/src
[...]
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Warning</strong>: Chaining <code>ONBUILD</code> instructions using <code>ONBUILD ONBUILD</code> isn&rsquo;t allowed.</p>
<p><strong>Warning</strong>: The <code>ONBUILD</code> instruction may not trigger <code>FROM</code> or <code>MAINTAINER</code> instructions.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="stopsignal">STOPSIGNAL</h2>
<pre><code>STOPSIGNAL signal
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>STOPSIGNAL</code> instruction sets the system call signal that will be sent to the container to exit.
This signal can be a valid unsigned number that matches a position in the kernel&rsquo;s syscall table, for instance 9,
or a signal name in the format SIGNAME, for instance SIGKILL.</p>
<h2 id="dockerfile-examples">Dockerfile examples</h2>
<p>Below you can see some examples of Dockerfile syntax. If you&rsquo;re interested in
something more realistic, take a look at the list of <a href="../../../engine/examples/">Dockerization examples</a>.</p>
<pre><code># Nginx
#
# VERSION 0.0.1
FROM ubuntu
MAINTAINER Victor Vieux &lt;victor@docker.com&gt;
LABEL Description=&quot;This image is used to start the foobar executable&quot; Vendor=&quot;ACME Products&quot; Version=&quot;1.0&quot;
RUN apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y inotify-tools nginx apache2 openssh-server
</code></pre>
<pre><code># Firefox over VNC
#
# VERSION 0.3
FROM ubuntu
# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and firefox
RUN apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
RUN mkdir ~/.vnc
# Setup a password
RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way, but it does the trick)
RUN bash -c 'echo &quot;firefox&quot; &gt;&gt; /.bashrc'
EXPOSE 5900
CMD [&quot;x11vnc&quot;, &quot;-forever&quot;, &quot;-usepw&quot;, &quot;-create&quot;]
</code></pre>
<pre><code># Multiple images example
#
# VERSION 0.1
FROM ubuntu
RUN echo foo &gt; bar
# Will output something like ===&gt; 907ad6c2736f
FROM ubuntu
RUN echo moo &gt; oink
# Will output something like ===&gt; 695d7793cbe4
# You᾿ll now have two images, 907ad6c2736f with /bar, and 695d7793cbe4 with
# /oink.
</code></pre>
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